Frequency doubled neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode laser-activated power bleaching-pH, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and colorimetric in vitro evaluations
- Author
- K Goharkay, U Schoop, J Wernish, S Hartl, Roeland De Moor (UGent) and A Moritz
- Organization
- Abstract
- Corrosiveness of enamel surfaces of SmartbleachA (R), Opus WhiteA (R), Opalescense Xtra BoostA (R) and a gel containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, activated either by a frequency doubled neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (532 nm) or a diode laser (810 nm) was evaluated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Changes in teeth color shades and the pH were also evaluated. Each bleaching agent was laser activated for 30 s and removed after 1 min or 10 min. This procedure was repeated up to four times, the bleaching agent receiving a maximum application time of 40 min, with total irradiation times of 0.5 min to 2 min of laser activation. The results of the pH measurements showed that only SmartbleachA (R) was in the alkaline pH range, whereas the other three were acidic. The surface effects were unrelated to the pH of the bleaching agents. With the exception of Opus WhiteA (R), no severe alterations on the enamel surface were detected. Although short application times were chosen, improved changes in brightness of up to ten steps on the VitapanA (R) classical shade guide were detected.
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-881038
- MLA
- Goharkay, K., et al. “Frequency Doubled Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet and Diode Laser-Activated Power Bleaching-PH, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Colorimetric in Vitro Evaluations.” Lasers in Medical Science, vol. 24, no. 3, 2009, pp. 339–46, doi:10.1007/s10103-008-0567-x.
- APA
- Goharkay, K., Schoop, U., Wernish, J., Hartl, S., De Moor, R., & Moritz, A. (2009). Frequency doubled neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode laser-activated power bleaching-pH, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and colorimetric in vitro evaluations. Lasers in Medical Science, 24(3), 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-008-0567-x
- Chicago author-date
- Goharkay, K, U Schoop, J Wernish, S Hartl, Roeland De Moor, and A Moritz. 2009. “Frequency Doubled Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet and Diode Laser-Activated Power Bleaching-PH, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Colorimetric in Vitro Evaluations.” Lasers in Medical Science 24 (3): 339–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-008-0567-x.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Goharkay, K, U Schoop, J Wernish, S Hartl, Roeland De Moor, and A Moritz. 2009. “Frequency Doubled Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet and Diode Laser-Activated Power Bleaching-PH, Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Colorimetric in Vitro Evaluations.” Lasers in Medical Science 24 (3): 339–346. doi:10.1007/s10103-008-0567-x.
- Vancouver
- 1.Goharkay K, Schoop U, Wernish J, Hartl S, De Moor R, Moritz A. Frequency doubled neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode laser-activated power bleaching-pH, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and colorimetric in vitro evaluations. Lasers in Medical Science. 2009;24(3):339–46.
- IEEE
- [1]K. Goharkay, U. Schoop, J. Wernish, S. Hartl, R. De Moor, and A. Moritz, “Frequency doubled neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode laser-activated power bleaching-pH, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and colorimetric in vitro evaluations,” Lasers in Medical Science, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 339–346, 2009.
@article{881038,
abstract = {{Corrosiveness of enamel surfaces of SmartbleachA (R), Opus WhiteA (R), Opalescense Xtra BoostA (R) and a gel containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, activated either by a frequency doubled neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (532 nm) or a diode laser (810 nm) was evaluated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Changes in teeth color shades and the pH were also evaluated. Each bleaching agent was laser activated for 30 s and removed after 1 min or 10 min. This procedure was repeated up to four times, the bleaching agent receiving a maximum application time of 40 min, with total irradiation times of 0.5 min to 2 min of laser activation. The results of the pH measurements showed that only SmartbleachA (R) was in the alkaline pH range, whereas the other three were acidic. The surface effects were unrelated to the pH of the bleaching agents. With the exception of Opus WhiteA (R), no severe alterations on the enamel surface were detected. Although short application times were chosen, improved changes in brightness of up to ten steps on the VitapanA (R) classical shade guide were detected.}},
author = {{Goharkay, K and Schoop, U and Wernish, J and Hartl, S and De Moor, Roeland and Moritz, A}},
issn = {{0268-8921}},
journal = {{Lasers in Medical Science}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{3}},
pages = {{339--346}},
title = {{Frequency doubled neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet and diode laser-activated power bleaching-pH, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and colorimetric in vitro evaluations}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-008-0567-x}},
volume = {{24}},
year = {{2009}},
}
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