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A child is not an adult : development of a new in vitro model of the toddler colon

Elora Fournier, Sylvain Denis, Alessandra Dominicis, Tom Van de Wiele (UGent) , Monique Alric, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin and Stephanie Blanquet-Diot
(2022) APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. 106(21). p.7315-7336
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Abstract
Early life is a critical period where gut ecosystem and functions are being established with significant impact on health. For regulatory, technical, and cost reasons, in vitro gut models can be used as a relevant alternative to in vivo assays. An exhaustive literature review was conducted to adapt the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL) to specific physicochemical (pH, transit time, and nutritional composition of ileal effluents) and microbial parameters from toddlers in the age range of 6 months-3 years, resulting in the Tm-ARCOL. In vitro fermentations were performed to validate this newly developed colonic model compared to in vivo toddler data. Results were also compared to those obtained with the classical adult configuration. Fecal samples from 5 toddlers and 4 adults were used to inoculate bioreactors, and continuous fermentations were performed for 8 days. Gut microbiota structure (lumen and mucus-associated microbiota) and functions (gas and short-chain fatty acids) were monitored. Clearly distinct microbial signatures were obtained between the two in vitro conditions, with lower alpha-diversity indices and higher abundances of infant-related microbial populations (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae) in toddler versus adult conditions. In accordance with in vivo data, methane was found only in adult bioreactors, while higher percentage of acetate but lower proportions of propionate and butyrate was measured in toddlers compared to adults. This new in vitro model will provide a powerful platform for gut microbiome mechanistic studies in a pediatric context, both in nutritional- (e.g., nutrients, probiotics, prebiotics) and health-related (e.g., drugs, enteric pathogens) studies.
Keywords
Colonic model, Gut microbiota, Toddler, Mucus, Nutrition, HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA, INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, FATTY-ACIDS, FERMENTATION, INFANTS, METHANE, ESTABLISHMENT, CARBOHYDRATE, METABOLISM, BACTERIAL

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MLA
Fournier, Elora, et al. “A Child Is Not an Adult : Development of a New in Vitro Model of the Toddler Colon.” APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 106, no. 21, 2022, pp. 7315–36, doi:10.1007/s00253-022-12199-0.
APA
Fournier, E., Denis, S., Dominicis, A., Van de Wiele, T., Alric, M., Mercier-Bonin, M., … Blanquet-Diot, S. (2022). A child is not an adult : development of a new in vitro model of the toddler colon. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, 106(21), 7315–7336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12199-0
Chicago author-date
Fournier, Elora, Sylvain Denis, Alessandra Dominicis, Tom Van de Wiele, Monique Alric, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin, and Stephanie Blanquet-Diot. 2022. “A Child Is Not an Adult : Development of a New in Vitro Model of the Toddler Colon.” APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 106 (21): 7315–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12199-0.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Fournier, Elora, Sylvain Denis, Alessandra Dominicis, Tom Van de Wiele, Monique Alric, Muriel Mercier-Bonin, Lucie Etienne-Mesmin, and Stephanie Blanquet-Diot. 2022. “A Child Is Not an Adult : Development of a New in Vitro Model of the Toddler Colon.” APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 106 (21): 7315–7336. doi:10.1007/s00253-022-12199-0.
Vancouver
1.
Fournier E, Denis S, Dominicis A, Van de Wiele T, Alric M, Mercier-Bonin M, et al. A child is not an adult : development of a new in vitro model of the toddler colon. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2022;106(21):7315–36.
IEEE
[1]
E. Fournier et al., “A child is not an adult : development of a new in vitro model of the toddler colon,” APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 106, no. 21, pp. 7315–7336, 2022.
@article{8770670,
  abstract     = {{Early life is a critical period where gut ecosystem and functions are being established with significant impact on health. For regulatory, technical, and cost reasons, in vitro gut models can be used as a relevant alternative to in vivo assays. An exhaustive literature review was conducted to adapt the Mucosal Artificial Colon (M-ARCOL) to specific physicochemical (pH, transit time, and nutritional composition of ileal effluents) and microbial parameters from toddlers in the age range of 6 months-3 years, resulting in the Tm-ARCOL. In vitro fermentations were performed to validate this newly developed colonic model compared to in vivo toddler data. Results were also compared to those obtained with the classical adult configuration. Fecal samples from 5 toddlers and 4 adults were used to inoculate bioreactors, and continuous fermentations were performed for 8 days. Gut microbiota structure (lumen and mucus-associated microbiota) and functions (gas and short-chain fatty acids) were monitored. Clearly distinct microbial signatures were obtained between the two in vitro conditions, with lower alpha-diversity indices and higher abundances of infant-related microbial populations (e.g., Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae) in toddler versus adult conditions. In accordance with in vivo data, methane was found only in adult bioreactors, while higher percentage of acetate but lower proportions of propionate and butyrate was measured in toddlers compared to adults. This new in vitro model will provide a powerful platform for gut microbiome mechanistic studies in a pediatric context, both in nutritional- (e.g., nutrients, probiotics, prebiotics) and health-related (e.g., drugs, enteric pathogens) studies.}},
  author       = {{Fournier, Elora and Denis, Sylvain and Dominicis, Alessandra and Van de Wiele, Tom and Alric, Monique and Mercier-Bonin, Muriel and Etienne-Mesmin, Lucie and Blanquet-Diot, Stephanie}},
  issn         = {{0175-7598}},
  journal      = {{APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Colonic model,Gut microbiota,Toddler,Mucus,Nutrition,HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA,INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA,FATTY-ACIDS,FERMENTATION,INFANTS,METHANE,ESTABLISHMENT,CARBOHYDRATE,METABOLISM,BACTERIAL}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{21}},
  pages        = {{7315--7336}},
  title        = {{A child is not an adult : development of a new in vitro model of the toddler colon}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-12199-0}},
  volume       = {{106}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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