@inproceedings{8769645,
  abstract     = {{Objectives: To describe gross and histological lesions, as well as intestinal microbiome in cases of Hemorrhagic Bowel
Syndrome (HBS).
Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 18 cows with HBS (7 necropsied immediately following euthanasia, 11
post mortem interval >12h) were grossly and histopathologically examined post-mortem. In addition, bacteriological
examination and whole metagenome nanopore sequencing of intestinal samples of affected and unaffected intestine
was performed.
Results: Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome was characterized by a small intestinal, intramucosal hematoma with dissection
of the lamina muscularis mucosa (LMM), in all animals where histological determination was possible (10/18). In 57.1%
(4/7) of the fresh cases, the small intestinal mucosa proximal to the hematoma, showed 9-14 multifocal solitary or
clustered small mucosal lacerations or erosions measuring 4-45mm. In 73% (37/48) of these mucosal lesions,
microscopic splitting of the LMM comparable to the hematoma was present. Intestinal blood loss was more severe in
animals with spontaneous death compared to euthanized animals (p = 0.038). Bacteriological cultivation and nanopore
sequencing showed a polymicrobial population at the hematoma and unaffected intestine, with mostly mild presence of
Clostridium perfringens. There was no infiltrative growth of fungi within the intestinal tissue.
Conclusions: HBS is characterized by an intramucosal hematoma which likely originates form small mucosal lesions
through dissecting hemorrhage within the LMM. Fulminant intestinal blood loss is an important factor in the acute and
lethal clinical course of this disease. Gross and microscopic pathology, as well as the culture and sequencing results,
were not in support of involvement of bacterial or fungal agents in the pathogenesis of HBS.}},
  author       = {{De Jonge, Bert and Pardon, Bart and Van Immerseel, Filip and Goossens, Evy and Vereecke, Nick and Pas, Mathilde and Callens, Jozefien and Chiers, Koen}},
  booktitle    = {{World Buiatrics Congress, 31st, Abstracts}},
  keywords     = {{jejunal hemorrhage syndrome,hematoma,intestinal,lamina muscularis mucosae,nanopore sequencing}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Mardid}},
  pages        = {{1}},
  title        = {{Does Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome start with small mucosal erosions?}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}