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An unexpected encounter : respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 1 interacts with mediator subunit MED25

Tessa Van Royen, Koen Sedeyn (UGent) , Georgios Moschonas (UGent) , Wendy Toussaint (UGent) , M Vuylsteke, Delphi Van Haver (UGent) , Francis Impens (UGent) , Sven Eyckerman (UGent) , Irma Lemmens (UGent) , Jan Tavernier (UGent) , et al.
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Abstract
Innate immune responses, including the production of type I and III interferons, play a crucial role in the first line of defense against RSV infection. However, only a poor induction of type I IFNs is observed during RSV infection, suggesting that RSV has evolved mechanisms to prevent type I IFN expression by the infected host cell. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. Nonstructural protein NS1 of RSV modulates the host innate immune response by acting as an antagonist of type I and type III interferon (IFN) production and signaling in multiple ways. Likely, NS1 performs this function by interacting with different host proteins. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the NS1 interaction partners, we performed three complementary protein-protein interaction screens, i.e., BioID, MAPPIT, and KISS. To closely mimic a natural infection, the BioID proximity screen was performed using a recombinant RSV in which the NS1 protein is fused to a biotin ligase. Remarkably, MED25, a subunit of the Mediator complex, was identified in all three performed screening methods as a potential NS1-interacting protein. We confirmed the interaction between MED25 and RSV NS1 by coimmunoprecipitation, not only upon overexpression of NS1 but also with endogenous NS1 during RSV infection. We also demonstrate that the replication of RSV can be enhanced in MED25 knockout A549 cells, suggesting a potential antiviral role of MED25 during RSV infection. Mediator subunits function as transcriptional coactivators and are involved in transcriptional regulation of their target genes. Therefore, the interaction between RSV NS1 and cellular MED25 might be beneficial for RSV during infection by affecting host transcription and the host immune response to infection. IMPORTANCE Innate immune responses, including the production of type I and III interferons, play a crucial role in the first line of defense against RSV infection. However, only a poor induction of type I IFNs is observed during RSV infection, suggesting that RSV has evolved mechanisms to prevent type I IFN expression by the infected host cell. A unique RSV protein, NS1, is largely responsible for this effect, probably through interaction with multiple host proteins. A better understanding of the interactions that occur between RSV NS1 and host proteins may help to identify targets for an effective antiviral therapy. We addressed this question by performing three complementary protein-protein interaction screens and identified MED25 as an RSV NS1-interacting protein. We propose a role in innate anti-RSV defense for this Mediator complex subunit.
Keywords
MED25, interferon, nonstructural protein, protein-protein interactions, respiratory syncytial virus, MAMMALIAN 2-HYBRID METHOD, EPITHELIAL-CELLS, INTERFERON, NS1, TRANSCRIPTION, COMPLEX, INHIBITION, EXPRESSION, ACTIVATOR, VP16

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MLA
Van Royen, Tessa, et al. “An Unexpected Encounter : Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Interacts with Mediator Subunit MED25.” JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, vol. 96, no. 19, 2022, doi:10.1128/jvi.01297-22.
APA
Van Royen, T., Sedeyn, K., Moschonas, G., Toussaint, W., Vuylsteke, M., Van Haver, D., … Saelens, X. (2022). An unexpected encounter : respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 1 interacts with mediator subunit MED25. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, 96(19). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01297-22
Chicago author-date
Van Royen, Tessa, Koen Sedeyn, Georgios Moschonas, Wendy Toussaint, M Vuylsteke, Delphi Van Haver, Francis Impens, et al. 2022. “An Unexpected Encounter : Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Interacts with Mediator Subunit MED25.” JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 96 (19). https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01297-22.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Royen, Tessa, Koen Sedeyn, Georgios Moschonas, Wendy Toussaint, M Vuylsteke, Delphi Van Haver, Francis Impens, Sven Eyckerman, Irma Lemmens, Jan Tavernier, Bert Schepens, and Xavier Saelens. 2022. “An Unexpected Encounter : Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 Interacts with Mediator Subunit MED25.” JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 96 (19). doi:10.1128/jvi.01297-22.
Vancouver
1.
Van Royen T, Sedeyn K, Moschonas G, Toussaint W, Vuylsteke M, Van Haver D, et al. An unexpected encounter : respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 1 interacts with mediator subunit MED25. JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY. 2022;96(19).
IEEE
[1]
T. Van Royen et al., “An unexpected encounter : respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 1 interacts with mediator subunit MED25,” JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, vol. 96, no. 19, 2022.
@article{8768230,
  abstract     = {{Innate immune responses, including the production of type I and III interferons, play a crucial role in the first line of defense against RSV infection. However, only a poor induction of type I IFNs is observed during RSV infection, suggesting that RSV has evolved mechanisms to prevent type I IFN expression by the infected host cell.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. Nonstructural protein NS1 of RSV modulates the host innate immune response by acting as an antagonist of type I and type III interferon (IFN) production and signaling in multiple ways. Likely, NS1 performs this function by interacting with different host proteins. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the NS1 interaction partners, we performed three complementary protein-protein interaction screens, i.e., BioID, MAPPIT, and KISS. To closely mimic a natural infection, the BioID proximity screen was performed using a recombinant RSV in which the NS1 protein is fused to a biotin ligase. Remarkably, MED25, a subunit of the Mediator complex, was identified in all three performed screening methods as a potential NS1-interacting protein. We confirmed the interaction between MED25 and RSV NS1 by coimmunoprecipitation, not only upon overexpression of NS1 but also with endogenous NS1 during RSV infection. We also demonstrate that the replication of RSV can be enhanced in MED25 knockout A549 cells, suggesting a potential antiviral role of MED25 during RSV infection. Mediator subunits function as transcriptional coactivators and are involved in transcriptional regulation of their target genes. Therefore, the interaction between RSV NS1 and cellular MED25 might be beneficial for RSV during infection by affecting host transcription and the host immune response to infection. IMPORTANCE Innate immune responses, including the production of type I and III interferons, play a crucial role in the first line of defense against RSV infection. However, only a poor induction of type I IFNs is observed during RSV infection, suggesting that RSV has evolved mechanisms to prevent type I IFN expression by the infected host cell. A unique RSV protein, NS1, is largely responsible for this effect, probably through interaction with multiple host proteins. A better understanding of the interactions that occur between RSV NS1 and host proteins may help to identify targets for an effective antiviral therapy. We addressed this question by performing three complementary protein-protein interaction screens and identified MED25 as an RSV NS1-interacting protein. We propose a role in innate anti-RSV defense for this Mediator complex subunit.}},
  articleno    = {{e0129722}},
  author       = {{Van Royen, Tessa and Sedeyn, Koen and Moschonas, Georgios and Toussaint, Wendy and Vuylsteke, M and Van Haver, Delphi and Impens, Francis and Eyckerman, Sven and Lemmens, Irma and Tavernier, Jan and Schepens, Bert and Saelens, Xavier}},
  issn         = {{0022-538X}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{MED25,interferon,nonstructural protein,protein-protein interactions,respiratory syncytial virus,MAMMALIAN 2-HYBRID METHOD,EPITHELIAL-CELLS,INTERFERON,NS1,TRANSCRIPTION,COMPLEX,INHIBITION,EXPRESSION,ACTIVATOR,VP16}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{19}},
  pages        = {{20}},
  title        = {{An unexpected encounter : respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 1 interacts with mediator subunit MED25}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01297-22}},
  volume       = {{96}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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