Registered replication report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988)
- Author
- E. -J. Wagenmakers, Titia Beek, Laura Dijkhoff, Quentin F. Gronau, A. Acosta, Jr. Adams, R. B., D. N. Albohn, E. S. Allard, S. D. Benning, E. -M. Blouin-Hudon, L. C. Bulnes, T. L. Caldwell, R. J. Calin-Jageman, C. A. Capaldi, N. S. Carfagno, K. T. Chasten, A. Cleeremans, L. Connell, J. M. DeCicco, K. Dijkstra, A. H. Fischer, F. Foroni, U. Hess, K. J. Holmes, J. L. H. Jones, O. Klein, C. Koch, S. Korb, P. Lewinski, J. D. Liao, S. Lund, J. Lupianez, D. Lynott, C. N. Nance, S. Oosterwijk, A. A. Ozdogru, A. P. Pacheco-Unguetti, B. Pearson, C. Powis, S. Riding, T. -A. Roberts, R. I. Rumiati, M. Senden, N. B. Shea-Shumsky, K. Sobocko, J. A. Soto, T. G. Steiner, J. M. Talarico, Z. M. van Allen, Marie Vandekerckhove (UGent) , B. Wainwright, J. F. Wayand, R. Zeelenberg, E. E. Zetzer and R. A. Zwaan
- Organization
- Abstract
- According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people's affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a smile), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a pout). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the smile and pout conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from -0.11 to 0.16.
- Keywords
- facial feedback hypothesis, replication, many-labs, preregistration, META-REGRESSION, VERSION, SMILE, TESTS
Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8764590
- MLA
- Wagenmakers, E. J., et al. “Registered Replication Report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988).” PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, vol. 11, no. 6, 2016, pp. 917–28, doi:10.1177/1745691616674458.
- APA
- Wagenmakers, E.-J., Beek, T., Dijkhoff, L., Gronau, Q. F., Acosta, A., Adams, R. B., Jr., … Zwaan, R. A. (2016). Registered replication report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988). PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, 11(6), 917–928. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674458
- Chicago author-date
- Wagenmakers, E. -J., Titia Beek, Laura Dijkhoff, Quentin F. Gronau, A. Acosta, Jr. Adams, R. B., D. N. Albohn, et al. 2016. “Registered Replication Report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988).” PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 11 (6): 917–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674458.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Wagenmakers, E. -J., Titia Beek, Laura Dijkhoff, Quentin F. Gronau, A. Acosta, Jr. Adams, R. B., D. N. Albohn, E. S. Allard, S. D. Benning, E. -M. Blouin-Hudon, L. C. Bulnes, T. L. Caldwell, R. J. Calin-Jageman, C. A. Capaldi, N. S. Carfagno, K. T. Chasten, A. Cleeremans, L. Connell, J. M. DeCicco, K. Dijkstra, A. H. Fischer, F. Foroni, U. Hess, K. J. Holmes, J. L. H. Jones, O. Klein, C. Koch, S. Korb, P. Lewinski, J. D. Liao, S. Lund, J. Lupianez, D. Lynott, C. N. Nance, S. Oosterwijk, A. A. Ozdogru, A. P. Pacheco-Unguetti, B. Pearson, C. Powis, S. Riding, T. -A. Roberts, R. I. Rumiati, M. Senden, N. B. Shea-Shumsky, K. Sobocko, J. A. Soto, T. G. Steiner, J. M. Talarico, Z. M. van Allen, Marie Vandekerckhove, B. Wainwright, J. F. Wayand, R. Zeelenberg, E. E. Zetzer, and R. A. Zwaan. 2016. “Registered Replication Report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988).” PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 11 (6): 917–928. doi:10.1177/1745691616674458.
- Vancouver
- 1.Wagenmakers E-J, Beek T, Dijkhoff L, Gronau QF, Acosta A, Adams, R. B. Jr, et al. Registered replication report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988). PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE. 2016;11(6):917–28.
- IEEE
- [1]E.-J. Wagenmakers et al., “Registered replication report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988),” PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 917–928, 2016.
@article{8764590,
abstract = {{According to the facial feedback hypothesis, people's affective responses can be influenced by their own facial expression (e.g., smiling, pouting), even when their expression did not result from their emotional experiences. For example, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) instructed participants to rate the funniness of cartoons using a pen that they held in their mouth. In line with the facial feedback hypothesis, when participants held the pen with their teeth (inducing a smile), they rated the cartoons as funnier than when they held the pen with their lips (inducing a pout). This seminal study of the facial feedback hypothesis has not been replicated directly. This Registered Replication Report describes the results of 17 independent direct replications of Study 1 from Strack et al. (1988), all of which followed the same vetted protocol. A meta-analysis of these studies examined the difference in funniness ratings between the smile and pout conditions. The original Strack et al. (1988) study reported a rating difference of 0.82 units on a 10-point Likert scale. Our meta-analysis revealed a rating difference of 0.03 units with a 95% confidence interval ranging from -0.11 to 0.16.}},
author = {{Wagenmakers, E. -J. and Beek, Titia and Dijkhoff, Laura and Gronau, Quentin F. and Acosta, A. and Adams, R. B., Jr. and Albohn, D. N. and Allard, E. S. and Benning, S. D. and Blouin-Hudon, E. -M. and Bulnes, L. C. and Caldwell, T. L. and Calin-Jageman, R. J. and Capaldi, C. A. and Carfagno, N. S. and Chasten, K. T. and Cleeremans, A. and Connell, L. and DeCicco, J. M. and Dijkstra, K. and Fischer, A. H. and Foroni, F. and Hess, U. and Holmes, K. J. and Jones, J. L. H. and Klein, O. and Koch, C. and Korb, S. and Lewinski, P. and Liao, J. D. and Lund, S. and Lupianez, J. and Lynott, D. and Nance, C. N. and Oosterwijk, S. and Ozdogru, A. A. and Pacheco-Unguetti, A. P. and Pearson, B. and Powis, C. and Riding, S. and Roberts, T. -A. and Rumiati, R. I. and Senden, M. and Shea-Shumsky, N. B. and Sobocko, K. and Soto, J. A. and Steiner, T. G. and Talarico, J. M. and van Allen, Z. M. and Vandekerckhove, Marie and Wainwright, B. and Wayand, J. F. and Zeelenberg, R. and Zetzer, E. E. and Zwaan, R. A.}},
issn = {{1745-6916}},
journal = {{PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE}},
keywords = {{facial feedback hypothesis,replication,many-labs,preregistration,META-REGRESSION,VERSION,SMILE,TESTS}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{6}},
pages = {{917--928}},
title = {{Registered replication report : Strack, Martin, & Stepper (1988)}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616674458}},
volume = {{11}},
year = {{2016}},
}
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