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Human and climate global-scale imprint on sediment transfer during the Holocene

Jean-Philippe Jenny, Sujan Koirala, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Pierre Francus (UGent) , Christoph Niemann, Bernhard Ahrens, Victor Brovkin, Alexandre Baud, Antti E. K. Ojala, Alexandre Normandeau, et al.
(2019) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 116(46). p.22972-22976
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Abstract
Accelerated soil erosion has become a pervasive feature on landscapes around the world and is recognized to have substantial implications for land productivity, downstream water quality, and biogeochemical cycles. However, the scarcity of global syntheses that consider long-term processes has limited our understanding of the timing, the amplitude, and the extent of soil erosion over millennial time scales. As such, we lack the ability to make predictions about the responses of soil erosion to long-term climate and land cover changes. Here, we reconstruct sedimentation rates for 632 lakes based on chronologies constrained by 3,980 calibrated C-14 ages to assess the relative changes in lake-watershed erosion rates over the last 12,000 y. Estimated soil erosion dynamics were then complemented with land cover reconstructions inferred from 43,669 pollen samples and with climate time series from the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. Our results show that a significant portion of the Earth surface shifted to human-driven soil erosion rate already 4,000 y ago. In particular, inferred soil erosion rates increased in 35% of the watersheds, and most of these sites showed a decrease in the proportion of arboreal pollen, which would be expected with land clearance. Further analysis revealed that land cover change was the main driver of inferred soil erosion in 70% of all studied watersheds. This study suggests that soil erosion has been altering terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for millennia, leading to carbon (C) losses that could have ultimately induced feedbacks on the climate system.
Keywords
LAKE-SEDIMENTS, EROSION, RATES, FLUX, global soil erosion, lake records, C-14 ages, pollens, varved sediments

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MLA
Jenny, Jean-Philippe, et al. “Human and Climate Global-Scale Imprint on Sediment Transfer during the Holocene.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 116, no. 46, 2019, pp. 22972–76, doi:10.1073/pnas.1908179116.
APA
Jenny, J.-P., Koirala, S., Gregory-Eaves, I., Francus, P., Niemann, C., Ahrens, B., … Carvalhais, N. (2019). Human and climate global-scale imprint on sediment transfer during the Holocene. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 116(46), 22972–22976. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908179116
Chicago author-date
Jenny, Jean-Philippe, Sujan Koirala, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Pierre Francus, Christoph Niemann, Bernhard Ahrens, Victor Brovkin, et al. 2019. “Human and Climate Global-Scale Imprint on Sediment Transfer during the Holocene.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 116 (46): 22972–76. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908179116.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Jenny, Jean-Philippe, Sujan Koirala, Irene Gregory-Eaves, Pierre Francus, Christoph Niemann, Bernhard Ahrens, Victor Brovkin, Alexandre Baud, Antti E. K. Ojala, Alexandre Normandeau, Bernd Zolitschka, and Nuno Carvalhais. 2019. “Human and Climate Global-Scale Imprint on Sediment Transfer during the Holocene.” PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 116 (46): 22972–22976. doi:10.1073/pnas.1908179116.
Vancouver
1.
Jenny J-P, Koirala S, Gregory-Eaves I, Francus P, Niemann C, Ahrens B, et al. Human and climate global-scale imprint on sediment transfer during the Holocene. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 2019;116(46):22972–6.
IEEE
[1]
J.-P. Jenny et al., “Human and climate global-scale imprint on sediment transfer during the Holocene,” PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 116, no. 46, pp. 22972–22976, 2019.
@article{8761113,
  abstract     = {{Accelerated soil erosion has become a pervasive feature on landscapes around the world and is recognized to have substantial implications for land productivity, downstream water quality, and biogeochemical cycles. However, the scarcity of global syntheses that consider long-term processes has limited our understanding of the timing, the amplitude, and the extent of soil erosion over millennial time scales. As such, we lack the ability to make predictions about the responses of soil erosion to long-term climate and land cover changes. Here, we reconstruct sedimentation rates for 632 lakes based on chronologies constrained by 3,980 calibrated C-14 ages to assess the relative changes in lake-watershed erosion rates over the last 12,000 y. Estimated soil erosion dynamics were then complemented with land cover reconstructions inferred from 43,669 pollen samples and with climate time series from the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. Our results show that a significant portion of the Earth surface shifted to human-driven soil erosion rate already 4,000 y ago. In particular, inferred soil erosion rates increased in 35% of the watersheds, and most of these sites showed a decrease in the proportion of arboreal pollen, which would be expected with land clearance. Further analysis revealed that land cover change was the main driver of inferred soil erosion in 70% of all studied watersheds. This study suggests that soil erosion has been altering terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for millennia, leading to carbon (C) losses that could have ultimately induced feedbacks on the climate system.}},
  author       = {{Jenny, Jean-Philippe and Koirala, Sujan and Gregory-Eaves, Irene and Francus, Pierre and Niemann, Christoph and Ahrens, Bernhard and Brovkin, Victor and Baud, Alexandre and Ojala, Antti E. K. and Normandeau, Alexandre and Zolitschka, Bernd and Carvalhais, Nuno}},
  issn         = {{0027-8424}},
  journal      = {{PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA}},
  keywords     = {{LAKE-SEDIMENTS,EROSION,RATES,FLUX,global soil erosion,lake records,C-14 ages,pollens,varved sediments}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{46}},
  pages        = {{22972--22976}},
  title        = {{Human and climate global-scale imprint on sediment transfer during the Holocene}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908179116}},
  volume       = {{116}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}
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