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A computational study of the double hysteresis phenomenon during reactive sputtering

Josja Van Bever (UGent) , Koen Strijckmans (UGent) and Diederik Depla (UGent)
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Abstract
When process parameters such as the reactive gas partial pressure or the discharge voltage are studied as a function of the reactive gas flow during reactive magnetron sputtering, the obtained curve has an S-shape. A direct consequence of this behaviour is that process control based on the reactive gas flow exhibits hysteresis. Under specific conditions, it is possible to observe two S-shaped curves: one when the reactive gas pressure is increased, the other during the return to the initial state by decreasing the reactive gas pressure. This behaviour has been described as double hysteresis behaviour. The origin of the double hysteresis behaviour is computationally studied by high-throughput calculations using a previously developed model. The influence of different process and material parameters were evaluated based on newly developed measures to characterize the calculated process curves. This high-throughput analysis reveals that the double hysteresis behaviour is linked to the difference in the removal rate of non-reacted implanted ions during the increase and decrease of the reactive gas pressure. Within the parameter space a region can be defined for which the double hysteresis behaviour is strong. The latter can not only assist further experiments to study this behaviour but also defines conditions to limit its impact. For Al, a discharge current density of approximately 0.025 A cm(-2) was found to maximize double hysteresis.
Keywords
Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, sputtering, reactive gas, modelling, VOLTAGE, BEHAVIOR

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MLA
Van Bever, Josja, et al. “A Computational Study of the Double Hysteresis Phenomenon during Reactive Sputtering.” JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 55, no. 35, 2022, doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ac761c.
APA
Van Bever, J., Strijckmans, K., & Depla, D. (2022). A computational study of the double hysteresis phenomenon during reactive sputtering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, 55(35). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac761c
Chicago author-date
Van Bever, Josja, Koen Strijckmans, and Diederik Depla. 2022. “A Computational Study of the Double Hysteresis Phenomenon during Reactive Sputtering.” JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 55 (35). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac761c.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Bever, Josja, Koen Strijckmans, and Diederik Depla. 2022. “A Computational Study of the Double Hysteresis Phenomenon during Reactive Sputtering.” JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS 55 (35). doi:10.1088/1361-6463/ac761c.
Vancouver
1.
Van Bever J, Strijckmans K, Depla D. A computational study of the double hysteresis phenomenon during reactive sputtering. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS. 2022;55(35).
IEEE
[1]
J. Van Bever, K. Strijckmans, and D. Depla, “A computational study of the double hysteresis phenomenon during reactive sputtering,” JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 55, no. 35, 2022.
@article{8756617,
  abstract     = {{When process parameters such as the reactive gas partial pressure or the discharge voltage are studied as a function of the reactive gas flow during reactive magnetron sputtering, the obtained curve has an S-shape. A direct consequence of this behaviour is that process control based on the reactive gas flow exhibits hysteresis. Under specific conditions, it is possible to observe two S-shaped curves: one when the reactive gas pressure is increased, the other during the return to the initial state by decreasing the reactive gas pressure. This behaviour has been described as double hysteresis behaviour. The origin of the double hysteresis behaviour is computationally studied by high-throughput calculations using a previously developed model. The influence of different process and material parameters were evaluated based on newly developed measures to characterize the calculated process curves. This high-throughput analysis reveals that the double hysteresis behaviour is linked to the difference in the removal rate of non-reacted implanted ions during the increase and decrease of the reactive gas pressure. Within the parameter space a region can be defined for which the double hysteresis behaviour is strong. The latter can not only assist further experiments to study this behaviour but also defines conditions to limit its impact. For Al, a discharge current density of approximately 0.025 A cm(-2) was found to maximize double hysteresis.}},
  articleno    = {{355302}},
  author       = {{Van Bever, Josja and Strijckmans, Koen and Depla, Diederik}},
  issn         = {{0022-3727}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS}},
  keywords     = {{Surfaces,Coatings and Films,Acoustics and Ultrasonics,Condensed Matter Physics,Electronic,Optical and Magnetic Materials,sputtering,reactive gas,modelling,VOLTAGE,BEHAVIOR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{35}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{A computational study of the double hysteresis phenomenon during reactive sputtering}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac761c}},
  volume       = {{55}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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