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Assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children with CKD stages 2–5 on dialysis and after kidney transplantation : clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce

Stella Stabouli, Nonnie Polderman, Christina L. Nelms, Fabio Paglialonga, Michiel J. S. Oosterveld, Larry A. Greenbaum, Bradley A. Warady, Caroline Anderson, Dieter Haffner, Ann Desloovere (UGent) , et al.
(2022) PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY. 37. p.1-20
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Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic affects children at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including dialysis and after kidney transplantation. The presence of O&MS in the pediatric CKD population may augment the already increased cardiovascular risk and contribute to the loss of kidney function. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) is an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists who develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the nutritional management of children with kidney diseases. We present CPRs for the assessment and management of O&MS in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and after kidney transplantation. We address the risk factors and diagnostic criteria for O&MS and discuss their management focusing on non-pharmacological treatment management, including diet, physical activity, and behavior modification in the context of age and CKD stage. The statements have been graded using the American Academy of Pediatrics grading matrix. Statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. Research recommendations are provided. The CPRs will be periodically audited and updated by the PRNT.
Keywords
Nephrology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Obesity, Metabolic syndrome, Chronic kidney disease, Kidney transplantation, Diet, Physical activity, Screen time, Sleep, Clinical practice recommendations, Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS, BODY-MASS INDEX, INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS, SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN, BLOOD-PRESSURE, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, HEALTH INDICATORS, BARIATRIC SURGERY, WEIGHT-LOSS, SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR

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MLA
Stabouli, Stella, et al. “Assessment and Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children with CKD Stages 2–5 on Dialysis and after Kidney Transplantation : Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, vol. 37, 2022, pp. 1–20, doi:10.1007/s00467-021-05148-y.
APA
Stabouli, S., Polderman, N., Nelms, C. L., Paglialonga, F., Oosterveld, M. J. S., Greenbaum, L. A., … Shroff, R. (2022). Assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children with CKD stages 2–5 on dialysis and after kidney transplantation : clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, 37, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05148-y
Chicago author-date
Stabouli, Stella, Nonnie Polderman, Christina L. Nelms, Fabio Paglialonga, Michiel J. S. Oosterveld, Larry A. Greenbaum, Bradley A. Warady, et al. 2022. “Assessment and Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children with CKD Stages 2–5 on Dialysis and after Kidney Transplantation : Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY 37: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05148-y.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Stabouli, Stella, Nonnie Polderman, Christina L. Nelms, Fabio Paglialonga, Michiel J. S. Oosterveld, Larry A. Greenbaum, Bradley A. Warady, Caroline Anderson, Dieter Haffner, Ann Desloovere, Leila Qizalbash, José Renken-Terhaerdt, Jetta Tuokkola, Johan Vande Walle, Vanessa Shaw, Mark Mitsnefes, and Rukshana Shroff. 2022. “Assessment and Management of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children with CKD Stages 2–5 on Dialysis and after Kidney Transplantation : Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce.” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY 37: 1–20. doi:10.1007/s00467-021-05148-y.
Vancouver
1.
Stabouli S, Polderman N, Nelms CL, Paglialonga F, Oosterveld MJS, Greenbaum LA, et al. Assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children with CKD stages 2–5 on dialysis and after kidney transplantation : clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce. PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY. 2022;37:1–20.
IEEE
[1]
S. Stabouli et al., “Assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children with CKD stages 2–5 on dialysis and after kidney transplantation : clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce,” PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY, vol. 37, pp. 1–20, 2022.
@article{8753846,
  abstract     = {{Obesity and metabolic syndrome (O&MS) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic affects children at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) including dialysis and after kidney transplantation. The presence of O&MS in the pediatric CKD population may augment the already increased cardiovascular risk and contribute to the loss of kidney function. The Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce (PRNT) is an international team of pediatric renal dietitians and pediatric nephrologists who develop clinical practice recommendations (CPRs) for the nutritional management of children with kidney diseases. We present CPRs for the assessment and management of O&MS in children with CKD stages 2-5, on dialysis and after kidney transplantation. We address the risk factors and diagnostic criteria for O&MS and discuss their management focusing on non-pharmacological treatment management, including diet, physical activity, and behavior modification in the context of age and CKD stage. The statements have been graded using the American Academy of Pediatrics grading matrix. Statements with a low grade or those that are opinion-based must be carefully considered and adapted to individual patient needs based on the clinical judgment of the treating physician and dietitian. Research recommendations are provided. The CPRs will be periodically audited and updated by the PRNT.}},
  author       = {{Stabouli, Stella and Polderman, Nonnie and Nelms, Christina L. and Paglialonga, Fabio and Oosterveld, Michiel J. S. and Greenbaum, Larry A. and Warady, Bradley A. and Anderson, Caroline and Haffner, Dieter and Desloovere, Ann and Qizalbash, Leila and Renken-Terhaerdt, José and Tuokkola, Jetta and Vande Walle, Johan and Shaw, Vanessa and Mitsnefes, Mark and Shroff, Rukshana}},
  issn         = {{0931-041X}},
  journal      = {{PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Nephrology,Pediatrics,Perinatology and Child Health,Obesity,Metabolic syndrome,Chronic kidney disease,Kidney transplantation,Diet,Physical activity,Screen time,Sleep,Clinical practice recommendations,Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS,BODY-MASS INDEX,INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS,SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN,BLOOD-PRESSURE,PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY,HEALTH INDICATORS,BARIATRIC SURGERY,WEIGHT-LOSS,SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{1--20}},
  title        = {{Assessment and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in children with CKD stages 2–5 on dialysis and after kidney transplantation : clinical practice recommendations from the Pediatric Renal Nutrition Taskforce}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05148-y}},
  volume       = {{37}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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