@article{8748201,
  abstract     = {{A family meal is defined as a meal consumed together by the members of a family or by having> 1 parent present during a meal. The frequency of family meals has been associated with healthier food intake patterns in both children and parents. This study aimed to investigate in families at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes across Europe the association (i) between family meals' frequency and food consumption and diet quality among parents and (ii) between family meals' frequency and children's food consumption. Moreover, the study aimed to elucidate the mediating effect of parental diet quality on the association between family meals' frequency and children's food consumption. Food consumption frequency and anthropometric were collected cross-sectionally from a representative sample of 1964 families from the European Feel4Diabetes-study. Regression and mediation analyses were applied by gender of children. Positive and significant associations were found between the frequency of family meals and parental food consumption (beta = 0.84; 95% CI 0.57, 1.45) and diet quality (beta = 0.30; 95% CI 0.19, 0.42). For children, more frequent family meals were significantly associated with healthier food consumption (boys, beta = 0.172, p < 0.05; girls, beta = 0.114, p< 0.01). A partial mediation effect of the parental diet quality was shown on the association between the frequency of family meals and the consumption of some selected food items (i.e., milk products and salty snacks) among boys and girls. The strongest mediation effect of parental diet quality was found on the association between the frequency of family breakfast and the consumption of salty snacks and milk and milk products (62.5% and 37.5%, respectively) among girls.

Conclusions: The frequency of family meals is positively associated with improved food consumption patterns (i.e., higher intake of fruits and vegetables and reduced consumption of sweets) in both parents and children. However, the association in children is partially mediated by parents' diet quality. The promotion of consuming meals together in the family could be a potentially effective strategy for interventions aiming to establish and maintain healthy food consumption patterns among children.}},
  author       = {{Mahmood, Lubna and González-Gil, Esther M. and Schwarz, Peter and Herrmann, Sandra and Karaglani, Eva and Cardon, Greet and De Vylder, Flore and Willems, Ruben and Makrilakis, Konstantinos and Liatis, Stavors and Iotova, Violeta and Tsochev, Kaloyan and Tankova, Tsvetalina and Rurik, Imre and Radó, Sándorné and Moreno, Luis A. and Manios, Yannis and Manios, Yannis and Lindström, Jaana and Schwarz, Peter and Makrilakis, Konstantinos and Annemans, Lieven and Ko, Winne and Karatzi, Kalliopi and Androutsos, Odysseas and Moschonis, George and Kanellakis, Spyridon and Mavrogianni, Christina and Tsoutsoulopoulou, Konstantina and Katsarou, Christina and Karaglani, Eva and Qira, Irini and Skoufas, Efstathios and Maragkopoulou, Konstantina and Tsiafitsa, Antigone and Sotiropoulou, Irini and Tsolakos, Michalis and Argyri, Effie and Nikolaou, Mary and Vampouli, Eleni-Anna and Filippou, Christina and Apergi, Kyriaki and Filippou, Amalia and Katerina, Gatsiou and Dimitriadis, Efstratios and Laatikainen, Tiina and Wikström, Katja and Kivelä, Jemina and Valve, Päivi and Levälahti, Esko and Virtanen, Eeva and Pennanen, Tiina and Olli, Seija and Nelimarkka, Karoliina and Van Stappen, Vicky and Huys, Nele and Shadid, Samyah and Timpel, Patrick and Liatis, Stavros and Dafoulas, George and Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina and Giannopoulou, Angeliki and Karuranga, Ernest and Moreno, Luis and Civeira, Fernando and Bueno, Gloria and De Miguel-Etayo, Pilar and Gonzalez-Gil, Esther Mª and Miguel-Berges, María L. and Giménez-Legarre, Natalia and Flores-Barrantes, Paloma and Ayala-Marín, Aleli M. and Seral-Cortés, Miguel and Baila-Rueda, Lucia and Cenarro, Ana and Jarauta, Estíbaliz and Mateo-Gallego, Rocío and Iotova, Violeta and Tankova, Tsvetalina and Usheva, Natalia and Tsochev, Kaloyan and Chakarova, Nevena and Galcheva, Sonya and Dimova, Rumyana and Bocheva, Yana and Radkova, Zhaneta and Marinova, Vanya and Bazdarska, Yuliya and Stefanova, Tanya and Rurik, Imre and Ungvari, Timea and Jancsó, Zoltán and Nánási, Anna and Kolozsvári, László and Semánova, Csilla and Bíró, Éva and Antal, Emese and Radó, Sándorné and Martinez, Remberto and Tong, Marcos and on behalf of the Feel4Diabetes-Study Group, [missing]}},
  issn         = {{0340-6199}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS}},
  keywords     = {{Pediatrics,Perinatology and Child Health,Family meals,Food consumption,Diet quality,Type 2 diabetes,Parents,Children,DIET QUALITY,ASSOCIATIONS,CHILDREN,WEIGHT,ADULTS,FRUIT,HOME,PREFERENCES,VEGETABLES,BREAKFAST}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{2523--2534}},
  title        = {{Frequency of family meals and food consumption in families at high risk of type 2 diabetes : the Feel4Diabetes-study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-022-04445-4}},
  volume       = {{181}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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