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The association of the Activities of Daily Living and the outcome of old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19

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Abstract
Purpose: Critically ill old intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering from Sars-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. This post hoc analysis investigates the association of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) with the outcome in this vulnerable patient group. Methods: The COVIP study is a prospective international observational study that recruited ICU patients >= 70 years admitted with COVID-19 (NCT04321265). Several parameters including ADL (ADL; 0 = disability, 6 = no disability), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), SOFA score, intensive care treatment, ICU- and 3-month survival were recorded. A mixed-effects Weibull proportional hazard regression analyses for 3-month mortality adjusted for multiple confounders. Results: This pre-specified analysis included 2359 patients with a documented ADL and CFS. Most patients evidenced independence in their daily living before hospital admission (80% with ADL = 6). Patients with no frailty and no disability showed the lowest, patients with frailty (CFS >= 5) and disability (ADL < 6) the highest 3-month mortality (52 vs. 78%, p < 0.001). ADL was independently associated with 3-month mortality (ADL as a continuous variable: aHR 0.88 (95% CI 0.82-0.94, p < 0.001). Being "disable" resulted in a significant increased risk for 3-month mortality (aHR 1.53 (95% CI 1.19-1.97, p 0.001) even after adjustment for multiple confounders. Conclusion: Baseline Activities of Daily Living (ADL) on admission provides additional information for outcome prediction, although most critically ill old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19 had no restriction in their ADL prior to ICU admission. Combining frailty and disability identifies a subgroup with particularly high mortality.
Keywords
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, ILL ELDERLY-PATIENTS, MORTALITY, FRAILTY, IMPACT, ICU

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MLA
Bruno, Raphael Romano, et al. “The Association of the Activities of Daily Living and the Outcome of Old Intensive Care Patients Suffering from COVID-19.” ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE, vol. 12, no. 1, 2022, doi:10.1186/s13613-022-00996-9.
APA
Bruno, R. R., Wernly, B., Flaatten, H., Fjølner, J., Artigas, A., Baldia, P. H., … COVIP study group, [missing]. (2022). The association of the Activities of Daily Living and the outcome of old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19. ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-00996-9
Chicago author-date
Bruno, Raphael Romano, Bernhard Wernly, Hans Flaatten, Jesper Fjølner, Antonio Artigas, Philipp Heinrich Baldia, Stephan Binneboessel, et al. 2022. “The Association of the Activities of Daily Living and the Outcome of Old Intensive Care Patients Suffering from COVID-19.” ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-00996-9.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bruno, Raphael Romano, Bernhard Wernly, Hans Flaatten, Jesper Fjølner, Antonio Artigas, Philipp Heinrich Baldia, Stephan Binneboessel, Bernardo Bollen Pinto, Joerg C. Schefold, Georg Wolff, Malte Kelm, Michael Beil, Sigal Sviri, Peter Vernon van Heerden, Wojciech Szczeklik, Muhammed Elhadi, Michael Joannidis, Sandra Oeyen, Eumorfia Kondili, Brian Marsh, Jakob Wollborn, Finn H. Andersen, Rui Moreno, Susannah Leaver, Ariane Boumendil, Dylan W. De Lange, Bertrand Guidet, Christian Jung, Philipp Eller, Michael Joannidis, Dieter Mesotten, Pascal Reper, Walter Swinnen, Nicolas Serck, Elisabeth Dewaele, Helene Brix, Jens Brushoej, Pritpal Kumar, Helene Korvenius Nedergaard, Ida Riise Balleby, Camilla Bundesen, Maria Aagaard Hansen, Stine Uhrenholt, Helle Bundgaard, Jesper Fjølner, James Gooch, Lenka Cagova, Elizabeth Potter, Michael Reay, Miriam Davey, Mohammed Abdelshafy Abusayed, Sally Humphreys, Arnaud Galbois, Bertrand Guidet, Cyril Charron, Caroline Hauw Berlemont, Guillaume Besch, Jean-Philippe Rigaud, Julien Maizel, Michel Djibré, Philippe Burtin, Pierre Garcon, Saad Nseir, Xavier Valette, Nica Alexandru, Nathalie Marin, Marie Vaissiere, Gaëtan Plantefeve, Thierry Vanderlinden, Igor Jurcisin, Buno Megarbane, Benjamin Glenn Chousterman, François Dépret, Marc Garnier, Sebastien Besset, Johanna Oziel, Alexis Ferre, Stéphane Dauger, Guillaume Dumas, Bruno Goncalves, Lucie Vettoretti, Didier Thevenin, Stefan Schaller, Muhammed Kurt, Andreas Faltlhauser, Christian Meyer, Milena Milovanovic, Matthias Lutz, Gonxhe Shala, Hendrik Haake, Winfried Randerath, Anselm Kunstein, Patrick Meybohm, Stephan Steiner, Eberhard Barth, Tudor Poerner, Philipp Simon, Marco Lorenz, Zouhir Dindane, Karl Friedrich Kuhn, Martin Welte, Ingo Voigt, Hans-Joachim Kabitz, Jakob Wollborn, Ulrich Goebel, Sandra Emily Stoll, Detlef Kindgen-Milles, Simon Dubler, Christian Jung, Kristina Fuest, Michael Schuster, Antonios Papadogoulas, Francesk Mulita, Nikoletta Rovina, Zoi Aidoni, Evangelia Chrisanthopoulou, Eumorfia Kondili, Ioannis Andrianopoulos, Martijn Groenendijk, Mirjam Evers, Lenneke van Lelyveld-Haas, Iwan Meynaar, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Marieke Zegers, Willem Dieperink, Dylan W. De Lange, Tom Dormans, Michael Hahn, Britt Sjøbøe, Hans Frank Strietzel, Theresa Olasveengen, Luis Romundstad, Finn H. Andersen, Anna Kluzik, Paweł Zatorski, Tomasz Drygalski, Wojciech Szczeklik, Jakub Klimkiewicz, Joanna Solek-pastuszka, Dariusz Onichimowski, Miroslaw Czuczwar, Ryszard Gawda, Jan Stefaniak, Karina Stefanska-Wronka, Ewa Zabul, Ana Isabel Pinho Oliveira, Rui Assis, Maria de Lurdes Campos Santos, Henrique Santos, Filipe Sousa Cardoso, André Gordinho, Maria José Arche Banzo, Begoña Zalba-Etayo, Patricia Patricia Cubero, Jesús Priego, Gemma Gomà, Teresa Maria Tomasa-Irriguible, Susana Sancho, Aida Fernández Ferreira, Eric Mayor Vázquez, Ángela Prado Mira, Mercedes Ibarz, David Iglesias, Susana Arias-Rivera, Fernando Frutos-Vivar, Sonia Lopez-Cuenca, Cesar Aldecoa, David Perez-Torres, Isabel Canas-Perez, Luis Tamayo-Lomas, Cristina Diaz-Rodriguez, Pablo Ruiz de Gopegui, Nawfel Ben-Hamouda, Andrea Roberti, Yvan Fleury, Nour Abidi, Joerg C. Schefold, Ivan Chau, Alexander Dullenkopf, Richard Pugh, Sara Smuts, and [missing] COVIP study group. 2022. “The Association of the Activities of Daily Living and the Outcome of Old Intensive Care Patients Suffering from COVID-19.” ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE 12 (1). doi:10.1186/s13613-022-00996-9.
Vancouver
1.
Bruno RR, Wernly B, Flaatten H, Fjølner J, Artigas A, Baldia PH, et al. The association of the Activities of Daily Living and the outcome of old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19. ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE. 2022;12(1).
IEEE
[1]
R. R. Bruno et al., “The association of the Activities of Daily Living and the outcome of old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19,” ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE, vol. 12, no. 1, 2022.
@article{8747174,
  abstract     = {{Purpose: Critically ill old intensive care unit (ICU) patients suffering from Sars-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) are at increased risk for adverse outcomes. This post hoc analysis investigates the association of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) with the outcome in this vulnerable patient group.

Methods: The COVIP study is a prospective international observational study that recruited ICU patients >= 70 years admitted with COVID-19 (NCT04321265). Several parameters including ADL (ADL; 0 = disability, 6 = no disability), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), SOFA score, intensive care treatment, ICU- and 3-month survival were recorded. A mixed-effects Weibull proportional hazard regression analyses for 3-month mortality adjusted for multiple confounders.

Results: This pre-specified analysis included 2359 patients with a documented ADL and CFS. Most patients evidenced independence in their daily living before hospital admission (80% with ADL = 6). Patients with no frailty and no disability showed the lowest, patients with frailty (CFS >= 5) and disability (ADL < 6) the highest 3-month mortality (52 vs. 78%, p < 0.001). ADL was independently associated with 3-month mortality (ADL as a continuous variable: aHR 0.88 (95% CI 0.82-0.94, p < 0.001). Being "disable" resulted in a significant increased risk for 3-month mortality (aHR 1.53 (95% CI 1.19-1.97, p 0.001) even after adjustment for multiple confounders.

Conclusion: Baseline Activities of Daily Living (ADL) on admission provides additional information for outcome prediction, although most critically ill old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19 had no restriction in their ADL prior to ICU admission. Combining frailty and disability identifies a subgroup with particularly high mortality.}},
  articleno    = {{26}},
  author       = {{Bruno, Raphael Romano and Wernly, Bernhard and Flaatten, Hans and Fjølner, Jesper and Artigas, Antonio and Baldia, Philipp Heinrich and Binneboessel, Stephan and Bollen Pinto, Bernardo and Schefold, Joerg C. and Wolff, Georg and Kelm, Malte and Beil, Michael and Sviri, Sigal and van Heerden, Peter Vernon and Szczeklik, Wojciech and Elhadi, Muhammed and Joannidis, Michael and Oeyen, Sandra and Kondili, Eumorfia and Marsh, Brian and Wollborn, Jakob and Andersen, Finn H. and Moreno, Rui and Leaver, Susannah and Boumendil, Ariane and De Lange, Dylan W. and Guidet, Bertrand and Jung, Christian and Eller, Philipp and Joannidis, Michael and Mesotten, Dieter and Reper, Pascal and Swinnen, Walter and Serck, Nicolas and Dewaele, Elisabeth and Brix, Helene and Brushoej, Jens and Kumar, Pritpal and Nedergaard, Helene Korvenius and Balleby, Ida Riise and Bundesen, Camilla and Hansen, Maria Aagaard and Uhrenholt, Stine and Bundgaard, Helle and Fjølner, Jesper and Gooch, James and Cagova, Lenka and Potter, Elizabeth and Reay, Michael and Davey, Miriam and Abusayed, Mohammed Abdelshafy and Humphreys, Sally and Galbois, Arnaud and Guidet, Bertrand and Charron, Cyril and Berlemont, Caroline Hauw and Besch, Guillaume and Rigaud, Jean-Philippe and Maizel, Julien and Djibré, Michel and Burtin, Philippe and Garcon, Pierre and Nseir, Saad and Valette, Xavier and Alexandru, Nica and Marin, Nathalie and Vaissiere, Marie and Plantefeve, Gaëtan and Vanderlinden, Thierry and Jurcisin, Igor and Megarbane, Buno and Chousterman, Benjamin Glenn and Dépret, François and Garnier, Marc and Besset, Sebastien and Oziel, Johanna and Ferre, Alexis and Dauger, Stéphane and Dumas, Guillaume and Goncalves, Bruno and Vettoretti, Lucie and Thevenin, Didier and Schaller, Stefan and Kurt, Muhammed and Faltlhauser, Andreas and Meyer, Christian and Milovanovic, Milena and Lutz, Matthias and Shala, Gonxhe and Haake, Hendrik and Randerath, Winfried and Kunstein, Anselm and Meybohm, Patrick and Steiner, Stephan and Barth, Eberhard and Poerner, Tudor and Simon, Philipp and Lorenz, Marco and Dindane, Zouhir and Kuhn, Karl Friedrich and Welte, Martin and Voigt, Ingo and Kabitz, Hans-Joachim and Wollborn, Jakob and Goebel, Ulrich and Stoll, Sandra Emily and Kindgen-Milles, Detlef and Dubler, Simon and Jung, Christian and Fuest, Kristina and Schuster, Michael and Papadogoulas, Antonios and Mulita, Francesk and Rovina, Nikoletta and Aidoni, Zoi and Chrisanthopoulou, Evangelia and Kondili, Eumorfia and Andrianopoulos, Ioannis and Groenendijk, Martijn and Evers, Mirjam and van Lelyveld-Haas, Lenneke and Meynaar, Iwan and Cornet, Alexander Daniel and Zegers, Marieke and Dieperink, Willem and De Lange, Dylan W. and Dormans, Tom and Hahn, Michael and Sjøbøe, Britt and Strietzel, Hans Frank and Olasveengen, Theresa and Romundstad, Luis and Andersen, Finn H. and Kluzik, Anna and Zatorski, Paweł and Drygalski, Tomasz and Szczeklik, Wojciech and Klimkiewicz, Jakub and Solek-pastuszka, Joanna and Onichimowski, Dariusz and Czuczwar, Miroslaw and Gawda, Ryszard and Stefaniak, Jan and Stefanska-Wronka, Karina and Zabul, Ewa and Oliveira, Ana Isabel Pinho and Assis, Rui and de Lurdes Campos Santos, Maria and Santos, Henrique and Cardoso, Filipe Sousa and Gordinho, André and Banzo, Maria José Arche and Zalba-Etayo, Begoña and Cubero, Patricia Patricia and Priego, Jesús and Gomà, Gemma and Tomasa-Irriguible, Teresa Maria and Sancho, Susana and Ferreira, Aida Fernández and Vázquez, Eric Mayor and Mira, Ángela Prado and Ibarz, Mercedes and Iglesias, David and Arias-Rivera, Susana and Frutos-Vivar, Fernando and Lopez-Cuenca, Sonia and Aldecoa, Cesar and Perez-Torres, David and Canas-Perez, Isabel and Tamayo-Lomas, Luis and Diaz-Rodriguez, Cristina and de Gopegui, Pablo Ruiz and Ben-Hamouda, Nawfel and Roberti, Andrea and Fleury, Yvan and Abidi, Nour and Schefold, Joerg C. and Chau, Ivan and Dullenkopf, Alexander and Pugh, Richard and Smuts, Sara and COVIP study group, [missing]}},
  issn         = {{2110-5820}},
  journal      = {{ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE}},
  keywords     = {{Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine,ILL ELDERLY-PATIENTS,MORTALITY,FRAILTY,IMPACT,ICU}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{11}},
  title        = {{The association of the Activities of Daily Living and the outcome of old intensive care patients suffering from COVID-19}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-00996-9}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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