@article{8746812,
  abstract     = {{Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.}},
  author       = {{Santangelo, James S. and Ness, Rob W. and Cohan, Beata and Fitzpatrick, Connor R. and Innes, Simon G. and Koch, Sophie and Miles, Lindsay S. and Munim, Samreen and Peres-Neto, Pedro R. and Prashad, Cindy and Tong, Alex T. and Aguirre, Windsor E. and Akinwole, Philips O. and Alberti, Marina and Álvarez, Jackie and Anderson, Jill T. and Anderson, Joseph J. and Ando, Yoshino and Andrew, Nigel R. and Angeoletto, Fabio and Anstett, Daniel N. and Anstett, Julia and Aoki-Gonçalves, Felipe and Arietta, A. Z. Andis and Arroyo, Mary T. K. and Austen, Emily J. and Baena-Díaz, Fernanda and Barker, Cory A. and Baylis, Howard A. and Beliz, Julia M. and Benitez-Mora, Alfonso and Bickford, David and Biedebach, Gabriela and Blackburn, Gwylim S. and Boehm, Mannfred M. A. and Bonser, Stephen P. and Bonte, Dries and Bragger, Jesse R. and Branquinho, Cristina and Brans, Kristien I. and Bresciano, Jorge C. and Brom, Peta D. and Bucharova, Anna and Burt, Briana and Cahill, James F. and Campbell, Katelyn D. and Carlen, Elizabeth J. and Carmona, Diego and Castellanos, Maria Clara and Centenaro, Giada and Chalen, Izan and Chaves, Jaime A. and Chávez-Pesqueira, Mariana and Chen, Xiao-Yong and Chilton, Angela M. and Chomiak, Kristina M. and Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F. and Cisse, Ibrahim K. and Classen, Aimée T. and Comerford, Mattheau S. and Fradinger, Camila Cordoba and Corney, Hannah and Crawford, Andrew J. and Crawford, Kerri M. and Dahirel, Maxime and David, Santiago and De Haan, Robert and Deacon, Nicholas J. and Dean, Clare and del-Val, Ek and Deligiannis, Eleftherios K. and Denney, Derek and Dettlaff, Margarete A. and DiLeo, Michelle F. and Ding, Yuan-Yuan and Domínguez-López, Moisés E. and Dominoni, Davide M. and Draud, Savannah L. and Dyson, Karen and Ellers, Jacintha and Espinosa, Carlos I. and Essi, Liliana and Falahati-Anbaran, Mohsen and Falcão, Jéssica C. F. and Fargo, Hayden T. and Fellowes, Mark D. E. and Fitzpatrick, Raina M. and Flaherty, Leah E. and Flood, Pádraic J. and Flores, María F. and Fornoni, Juan and Foster, Amy G. and Frost, Christopher J. and Fuentes, Tracy L. and Fulkerson, Justin R. and Gagnon, Edeline and Garbsch, Frauke and Garroway, Colin J. and Gerstein, Aleeza C. and Giasson, Mischa M. and Girdler, E. Binney and Gkelis, Spyros and Godsoe, William and Golemiec, Anneke M. and Golemiec, Mireille and González-Lagos, César and Gorton, Amanda J. and Gotanda, Kiyoko M. and Granath, Gustaf and Greiner, Stephan and Griffiths, Joanna S. and Grilo, Filipa and Gundel, Pedro E. and Hamilton, Benjamin and Hardin, Joyce M. and He, Tianhua and Heard, Stephen B. and Henriques, André F. and Hernández-Poveda, Melissa and Hetherington-Rauth, Molly C. and Hill, Sarah J. and Hochuli, Dieter F. and Hodgins, Kathryn A. and Hood, Glen R. and Hopkins, Gareth R. and Hovanes, Katherine A. and Howard, Ava R. and Hubbard, Sierra C. and Ibarra-Cerdeña, Carlos N. and Iñiguez-Armijos, Carlos and Jara-Arancio, Paola and Jarrett, Benjamin J. M. and Jeannot, Manon and Jiménez-Lobato, Vania and Johnson, Mae and Johnson, Oscar and Johnson, Philip P. and Johnson, Reagan and Josephson, Matthew P. and Jung, Meen Chel and Just, Michael G. and Kahilainen, Aapo and Kailing, Otto S. and Kariñho-Betancourt, Eunice and Karousou, Regina and Kirn, Lauren A. and Kirschbaum, Anna and Laine, Anna-Liisa and LaMontagne, Jalene M. and Lampei, Christian and Lara, Carlos and Larson, Erica L. and Lázaro-Lobo, Adrián and Le, Jennifer H. and Leandro, Deleon S. and Lee, Christopher and Lei, Yunting and León, Carolina A. and Lequerica Tamara, Manuel E. and Levesque, Danica C. and Liao, Wan-Jin and Ljubotina, Megan and Locke, Hannah and Lockett, Martin T. and Longo, Tiffany C. and Lundholm, Jeremy T. and MacGillavry, Thomas and Mackin, Christopher R. and Mahmoud, Alex R. and Manju, Isaac A. and Mariën, Janine and Martínez, D. Nayeli and Martínez-Bartolomé, Marina and Meineke, Emily K. and Mendoza-Arroyo, Wendy and Merritt, Thomas J. S. and Merritt, Lila Elizabeth L. and Migiani, Giuditta and Minor, Emily S. and Mitchell, Nora and Mohammadi Bazargani, Mitra and Moles, Angela T. and Monk, Julia D. and Moore, Christopher M. and Morales-Morales, Paula A. and Moyers, Brook T. and Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam and Munshi-South, Jason and Murphy, Shannon M. and Murúa, Maureen M. and Neila, Melisa and Nikolaidis, Ourania and Njunjić, Iva and Nosko, Peter and Núñez-Farfán, Juan and Ohgushi, Takayuki and Olsen, Kenneth M. and Opedal, Øystein H. and Ornelas, Cristina and Parachnowitsch, Amy L. and Paratore, Aaron S. and Parody-Merino, Angela M. and Paule, Juraj and Paulo, Octávio S. and Pena, João Carlos and Pfeiffer, Vera W. and Pinho, Pedro and Piot, Anthony and Porth, Ilga M. and Poulos, Nicholas and Puentes, Adriana and Qu, Jiao and Quintero-Vallejo, Estela and Raciti, Steve M. and Raeymaekers, Joost A. M. and Raveala, Krista M. and Rennison, Diana J. and Ribeiro, Milton C. and Richardson, Jonathan L. and Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo and Rivera, Benjamin J. and Roddy, Adam B. and Rodriguez-Muñoz, Erika and Román, José Raúl and Rossi, Laura S. and Rowntree, Jennifer K. and Ryan, Travis J. and Salinas, Santiago and Sanders, Nathan J. and Santiago-Rosario, Luis Y. and Savage, Amy M. and Scheepens, J.F. and Schilthuizen, Menno and Schneider, Adam C. and Scholier, Tiffany and Scott, Jared L. and Shaheed, Summer A. and Shefferson, Richard P. and Shepard, Caralee A. and Shykoff, Jacqui A. and Silveira, Georgianna and Smith, Alexis D. and Solis-Gabriel, Lizet and Soro, Antonella and Spellman, Katie V. and Whitney, Kaitlin Stack and Starke-Ottich, Indra and Stephan, Jörg G. and Stephens, Jessica D. and Szulc, Justyna and Szulkin, Marta and Tack, Ayco J. M. and Tamburrino, Ítalo and Tate, Tayler D. and Tergemina, Emmanuel and Theodorou, Panagiotis and Thompson, Ken A. and Threlfall, Caragh G. and Tinghitella, Robin M. and Toledo-Chelala, Lilibeth and Tong, Xin and Uroy, Léa and Utsumi, Shunsuke and Vandegehuchte, Martijn L. and VanWallendael, Acer and Vidal, Paula M. and Wadgymar, Susana M. and Wang, Ai-Ying and Wang, Nian and Warbrick, Montana L. and Whitney, Kenneth D. and Wiesmeier, Miriam and Wiles, J. Tristian and Wu, Jianqiang and Xirocostas, Zoe A. and Yan, Zhaogui and Yao, Jiahe and Yoder, Jeremy B. and Yoshida, Owen and Zhang, Jingxiong and Zhao, Zhigang and Ziter, Carly D. and Zuellig, Matthew P. and Zufall, Rebecca A. and Zurita, Juan E. and Zytynska, Sharon E. and Johnson, Marc T. J.}},
  issn         = {{0036-8075}},
  journal      = {{SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Multidisciplinary}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6586}},
  pages        = {{1275--1281}},
  title        = {{Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1126/science.abk0989}},
  volume       = {{375}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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