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Use of existing steel pipeline infrastructure for gaseous hydrogen storage and transport : a review of factors affecting hydrogen induced degradation

Aurélie Laureys (UGent) , Robin Depraetere, Margo Cauwels (UGent) , Tom Depover (UGent) , Stijn Hertelé (UGent) and Kim Verbeken (UGent)
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Abstract
The transition of the existing natural gas grid infrastructures towards transport and storage of hydrogen gas plays a prominent role in the global decarbonization of the energy landscape. Hydrogen absorption into pipeline steels may lead to a ductility decrease, particularly in the presence of stress concentrations. Hydrogen lowers the fracture resistance of steels, which may render them to become susceptible to crack extension under static loading. Furthermore, due to fluctuations in gas pressure and applied loads on the pipeline structure, hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth could take place (even at relatively low hydrogen gas partial pressures). Therefore, the use of existing pipeline systems (initially not designed) for pressurized gaseous hydrogen transport requires prior confirmation of their fitness-for-service. Mechanical (load level and cycle frequency), material (microstructure, chemical composition and the presence of welds), and environmental variables (gas pressure, gas composition and temperature) influence the severity of hydrogen embrittlement by gaseous hydrogen. Investigations have indicated that the take-up of hydrogen by pipeline steel may be mitigated by the addition of gas impurities, i.e. inhibitors, to the gas mixture. The current work presents a literature overview of the relevant aspects in this consideration, indicating ample scope for further research in all abovementioned aspects.
Keywords
Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Fuel Technology, Hydrogen gas, Natural gas pipelines, Hydrogen embrittlement, Fatigue, Inhibitors, FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH, COLD WORK, EMBRITTLEMENT, PRESSURE, MICROSTRUCTURE, DIFFUSION, FRACTURE, TEMPERATURE, PROPAGATION, BEHAVIOR

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MLA
Laureys, Aurélie, et al. “Use of Existing Steel Pipeline Infrastructure for Gaseous Hydrogen Storage and Transport : A Review of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Induced Degradation.” JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 101, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104534.
APA
Laureys, A., Depraetere, R., Cauwels, M., Depover, T., Hertelé, S., & Verbeken, K. (2022). Use of existing steel pipeline infrastructure for gaseous hydrogen storage and transport : a review of factors affecting hydrogen induced degradation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104534
Chicago author-date
Laureys, Aurélie, Robin Depraetere, Margo Cauwels, Tom Depover, Stijn Hertelé, and Kim Verbeken. 2022. “Use of Existing Steel Pipeline Infrastructure for Gaseous Hydrogen Storage and Transport : A Review of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Induced Degradation.” JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104534.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Laureys, Aurélie, Robin Depraetere, Margo Cauwels, Tom Depover, Stijn Hertelé, and Kim Verbeken. 2022. “Use of Existing Steel Pipeline Infrastructure for Gaseous Hydrogen Storage and Transport : A Review of Factors Affecting Hydrogen Induced Degradation.” JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 101. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104534.
Vancouver
1.
Laureys A, Depraetere R, Cauwels M, Depover T, Hertelé S, Verbeken K. Use of existing steel pipeline infrastructure for gaseous hydrogen storage and transport : a review of factors affecting hydrogen induced degradation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. 2022;101.
IEEE
[1]
A. Laureys, R. Depraetere, M. Cauwels, T. Depover, S. Hertelé, and K. Verbeken, “Use of existing steel pipeline infrastructure for gaseous hydrogen storage and transport : a review of factors affecting hydrogen induced degradation,” JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 101, 2022.
@article{8746612,
  abstract     = {{The transition of the existing natural gas grid infrastructures towards transport and storage of hydrogen gas plays a prominent role in the global decarbonization of the energy landscape. Hydrogen absorption into pipeline steels may lead to a ductility decrease, particularly in the presence of stress concentrations. Hydrogen lowers the fracture resistance of steels, which may render them to become susceptible to crack extension under static loading. Furthermore, due to fluctuations in gas pressure and applied loads on the pipeline structure, hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth could take place (even at relatively low hydrogen gas partial pressures). Therefore, the use of existing pipeline systems (initially not designed) for pressurized gaseous hydrogen transport requires prior confirmation of their fitness-for-service. Mechanical (load level and cycle frequency), material (microstructure, chemical composition and the presence of welds), and environmental variables (gas pressure, gas composition and temperature) influence the severity of hydrogen embrittlement by gaseous hydrogen. Investigations have indicated that the take-up of hydrogen by pipeline steel may be mitigated by the addition of gas impurities, i.e. inhibitors, to the gas mixture. The current work presents a literature overview of the relevant aspects in this consideration, indicating ample scope for further research in all abovementioned aspects.}},
  articleno    = {{104534}},
  author       = {{Laureys, Aurélie and Depraetere, Robin and Cauwels, Margo and Depover, Tom and Hertelé, Stijn and Verbeken, Kim}},
  issn         = {{1875-5100}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING}},
  keywords     = {{Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Fuel Technology,Hydrogen gas,Natural gas pipelines,Hydrogen embrittlement,Fatigue,Inhibitors,FATIGUE-CRACK GROWTH,COLD WORK,EMBRITTLEMENT,PRESSURE,MICROSTRUCTURE,DIFFUSION,FRACTURE,TEMPERATURE,PROPAGATION,BEHAVIOR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{13}},
  title        = {{Use of existing steel pipeline infrastructure for gaseous hydrogen storage and transport : a review of factors affecting hydrogen induced degradation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104534}},
  volume       = {{101}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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