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Interseason variability of a functional movement test, the 9+ screening battery, in professional male football players

A Bakken, S Targett, T Bere, C Eirale, A Farooq, J L Tol, R Whiteley, Erik Witvrouw (UGent) , K M Khan and R Bahr
(2017) BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE. 51(14). p.1081-1086
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Abstract
Background The Nine Plus screening battery test (9+) is a functional movement test intended to identify limitations in fundamental movement patterns predisposing athletes to injury. However, the interseason variability is unknown. Aim To examine the variability of the 9+ test between 2 consecutive seasons in professional male football players. Methods Asymptomatic Qatar Star League players (n= 220) completed the 9+ at the beginning of the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Time-loss injuries in training and matches were obtained from the Aspetar Injury and Illness Surveillance Program. No intervention was initiated between test occasions. Results A significant increase in the mean total score of 1.6 points (95% CI 1.0 to 2.2, p<0.001) was found from season 1 (22.2 +/- 4.1 (SD)) to season 2 (23.8 +/- 3.3). The variability was large, as shown by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.24 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.36) and a minimal detectable change (MDC) of 8.7 points. Of the 220 players, 136 (61.8%) suffered a timeloss injury between the 2 tests. There was an improvement in mean total scores in the injured (+ 2.0 +/- 0.4 (SE), p< 0.001) group but not in the uninjured group (+ 0.9 +/- 0.5, p=0.089). The variability from season 1 to season 2 was large both in the injured (ICC 0.25, 0.09 to 0.40, MDC 8.3) and uninjured (ICC 0.24, 0.02 to 0.43, MDC 9.1) groups. Conclusions The 9+ demonstrated substantial intraindividual variability in the total score between 2 consecutive seasons, irrespective of injury. A change above 8 points is necessary to represent a real change in the 9+ test between seasons.
Keywords
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, General Medicine, INTERRATER RELIABILITY, TEST-RETEST, INTRARATER RELIABILITY, CONSENSUS, STATEMENT, SCREEN, INJURY, PERFORMANCE, AGREEMENT, SCORES, KNEE

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MLA
Bakken, A., et al. “Interseason Variability of a Functional Movement Test, the 9+ Screening Battery, in Professional Male Football Players.” BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, vol. 51, no. 14, 2017, pp. 1081–86, doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096570.
APA
Bakken, A., Targett, S., Bere, T., Eirale, C., Farooq, A., Tol, J. L., … Bahr, R. (2017). Interseason variability of a functional movement test, the 9+ screening battery, in professional male football players. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, 51(14), 1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096570
Chicago author-date
Bakken, A, S Targett, T Bere, C Eirale, A Farooq, J L Tol, R Whiteley, Erik Witvrouw, K M Khan, and R Bahr. 2017. “Interseason Variability of a Functional Movement Test, the 9+ Screening Battery, in Professional Male Football Players.” BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 51 (14): 1081–86. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096570.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Bakken, A, S Targett, T Bere, C Eirale, A Farooq, J L Tol, R Whiteley, Erik Witvrouw, K M Khan, and R Bahr. 2017. “Interseason Variability of a Functional Movement Test, the 9+ Screening Battery, in Professional Male Football Players.” BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 51 (14): 1081–1086. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096570.
Vancouver
1.
Bakken A, Targett S, Bere T, Eirale C, Farooq A, Tol JL, et al. Interseason variability of a functional movement test, the 9+ screening battery, in professional male football players. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE. 2017;51(14):1081–6.
IEEE
[1]
A. Bakken et al., “Interseason variability of a functional movement test, the 9+ screening battery, in professional male football players,” BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, vol. 51, no. 14, pp. 1081–1086, 2017.
@article{8743551,
  abstract     = {{Background The Nine Plus screening battery test (9+) is a functional movement test intended to identify limitations in fundamental movement patterns predisposing athletes to injury. However, the interseason variability is unknown.

Aim To examine the variability of the 9+ test between 2 consecutive seasons in professional male football players.

Methods Asymptomatic Qatar Star League players (n= 220) completed the 9+ at the beginning of the 2013 and 2014 seasons. Time-loss injuries in training and matches were obtained from the Aspetar Injury and Illness Surveillance Program. No intervention was initiated between test occasions.

Results A significant increase in the mean total score of 1.6 points (95% CI 1.0 to 2.2, p<0.001) was found from season 1 (22.2 +/- 4.1 (SD)) to season 2 (23.8 +/- 3.3). The variability was large, as shown by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.24 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.36) and a minimal detectable change (MDC) of 8.7 points. Of the 220 players, 136 (61.8%) suffered a timeloss injury between the 2 tests. There was an improvement in mean total scores in the injured (+ 2.0 +/- 0.4 (SE), p< 0.001) group but not in the uninjured group (+ 0.9 +/- 0.5, p=0.089). The variability from season 1 to season 2 was large both in the injured (ICC 0.25, 0.09 to 0.40, MDC 8.3) and uninjured (ICC 0.24, 0.02 to 0.43, MDC 9.1) groups.

Conclusions The 9+ demonstrated substantial intraindividual variability in the total score between 2 consecutive seasons, irrespective of injury. A change above 8 points is necessary to represent a real change in the 9+ test between seasons.}},
  author       = {{Bakken, A and Targett, S and Bere, T and Eirale, C and Farooq, A and Tol, J L and Whiteley, R and Witvrouw, Erik and Khan, K M and Bahr, R}},
  issn         = {{0306-3674}},
  journal      = {{BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE}},
  keywords     = {{Physical Therapy,Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine,General Medicine,INTERRATER RELIABILITY,TEST-RETEST,INTRARATER RELIABILITY,CONSENSUS,STATEMENT,SCREEN,INJURY,PERFORMANCE,AGREEMENT,SCORES,KNEE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{14}},
  pages        = {{1081--1086}},
  title        = {{Interseason variability of a functional movement test, the 9+ screening battery, in professional male football players}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096570}},
  volume       = {{51}},
  year         = {{2017}},
}
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