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Speaking with an alien voice : flexible sense of agency during vocal production

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Abstract
Speakers monitor auditory feedback during speech production in order to correct for speech errors. The comparator model proposes that this process is supported by comparing sensory feedback to internal predictions of the sensory consequences of articulation. Additionally, this comparison process is proposed to support the sense of agency over vocal output. The current study tests this hypothesis by asking whether mismatching auditory feedback leads to a decrease in the sense of agency as measured by speakers' responses to pitch-shifted feedback. Participants vocalized while auditory feedback was unexpectedly and briefly pitch-shifted. In addition, in one block, the entire vocalization's pitch was baseline-shifted ("alien voice"), while it was not in the other block ("normal voice"). Participants compensated for the pitch shifts even in the alien voice condition, suggesting that agency was flexible. This is problematic for the classic comparator model, where a mismatching feedback would lead to a loss of agency. Alternative models are discussed in light of these findings, including an adapted comparator model and the inferential account, which suggests that agency is inferred from the joint contribution of several multisensory sources of evidence. Together, these findings suggest that internal representations of one's own voice are more flexible than often assumed.
Keywords
Behavioral Neuroscience, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, sense of agency, speech production, pitch, voice, altered auditory feedback, AUDITORY-FEEDBACK, F-0 RESPONSES, PITCH, SELF, BODY, OWNERSHIP, MAGNITUDE, AWARENESS

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MLA
Franken, Matthias, et al. “Speaking with an Alien Voice : Flexible Sense of Agency during Vocal Production.” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE, vol. 47, no. 4, 2021, pp. 479–94, doi:10.1037/xhp0000799.
APA
Franken, M., Hartsuiker, R., Johansson, P., Hall, L., & Lind, A. (2021). Speaking with an alien voice : flexible sense of agency during vocal production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE, 47(4), 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000799
Chicago author-date
Franken, Matthias, Robert Hartsuiker, Petter Johansson, Lars Hall, and Andreas Lind. 2021. “Speaking with an Alien Voice : Flexible Sense of Agency during Vocal Production.” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE 47 (4): 479–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000799.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Franken, Matthias, Robert Hartsuiker, Petter Johansson, Lars Hall, and Andreas Lind. 2021. “Speaking with an Alien Voice : Flexible Sense of Agency during Vocal Production.” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE 47 (4): 479–494. doi:10.1037/xhp0000799.
Vancouver
1.
Franken M, Hartsuiker R, Johansson P, Hall L, Lind A. Speaking with an alien voice : flexible sense of agency during vocal production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE. 2021;47(4):479–94.
IEEE
[1]
M. Franken, R. Hartsuiker, P. Johansson, L. Hall, and A. Lind, “Speaking with an alien voice : flexible sense of agency during vocal production,” JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 479–494, 2021.
@article{8739927,
  abstract     = {{Speakers monitor auditory feedback during speech production in order to correct for speech errors. The comparator model proposes that this process is supported by comparing sensory feedback to internal predictions of the sensory consequences of articulation. Additionally, this comparison process is proposed to support the sense of agency over vocal output. The current study tests this hypothesis by asking whether mismatching auditory feedback leads to a decrease in the sense of agency as measured by speakers' responses to pitch-shifted feedback. Participants vocalized while auditory feedback was unexpectedly and briefly pitch-shifted. In addition, in one block, the entire vocalization's pitch was baseline-shifted ("alien voice"), while it was not in the other block ("normal voice"). Participants compensated for the pitch shifts even in the alien voice condition, suggesting that agency was flexible. This is problematic for the classic comparator model, where a mismatching feedback would lead to a loss of agency. Alternative models are discussed in light of these findings, including an adapted comparator model and the inferential account, which suggests that agency is inferred from the joint contribution of several multisensory sources of evidence. Together, these findings suggest that internal representations of one's own voice are more flexible than often assumed.}},
  author       = {{Franken, Matthias and Hartsuiker, Robert and Johansson, Petter and Hall, Lars and Lind, Andreas}},
  issn         = {{0096-1523}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE}},
  keywords     = {{Behavioral Neuroscience,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous),Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,sense of agency,speech production,pitch,voice,altered auditory feedback,AUDITORY-FEEDBACK,F-0 RESPONSES,PITCH,SELF,BODY,OWNERSHIP,MAGNITUDE,AWARENESS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{479--494}},
  title        = {{Speaking with an alien voice : flexible sense of agency during vocal production}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000799}},
  volume       = {{47}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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