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Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of sheep and goats have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play on antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (non-VTEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Dichelobacter nodosus, Moraxella ovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Mycoplasma agalactiae, Trueperella pyogenes, Streptococcus uberis, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Campylobacter fetus, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Fusobacterium necrophorum is provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli with >= 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in sheep and goat in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
Keywords
ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE, MASTITIS, SUSCEPTIBILITY, antimicrobial resistance, animal health law, extensive literature, review, small ruminants, sheep, goats

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MLA
Nielsen, Soren Saxmose, et al. “Assessment of Animal Diseases Caused by Bacteria Resistant to Antimicrobials : Sheep and Goats.” EFSA JOURNAL, vol. 19, no. 12, 2021, doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956.
APA
Nielsen, S. S., Bicout, D. J., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J. A., Garin-Bastuji, B., … EFSA Panel Anim Hlth Welf AHAW, for the. (2021). Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials : sheep and goats. EFSA JOURNAL, 19(12). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956
Chicago author-date
Nielsen, Soren Saxmose, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, et al. 2021. “Assessment of Animal Diseases Caused by Bacteria Resistant to Antimicrobials : Sheep and Goats.” EFSA JOURNAL 19 (12). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Nielsen, Soren Saxmose, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin-Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortazar Schmidt, Mette Herskin, Virginie Michel, Miguel Angel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Helen Clare Roberts, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Jeroen Dewulf, Luca Guardabassi, Friederike Hilbert, Rodolphe Mader, Francesca Baldinelli, Julio Alvarez, and for the EFSA Panel Anim Hlth Welf AHAW. 2021. “Assessment of Animal Diseases Caused by Bacteria Resistant to Antimicrobials : Sheep and Goats.” EFSA JOURNAL 19 (12). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956.
Vancouver
1.
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, et al. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials : sheep and goats. EFSA JOURNAL. 2021;19(12).
IEEE
[1]
S. S. Nielsen et al., “Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials : sheep and goats,” EFSA JOURNAL, vol. 19, no. 12, 2021.
@article{8738969,
  abstract     = {{In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of sheep and goats have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play on antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (non-VTEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Dichelobacter nodosus, Moraxella ovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae, Mycoplasma agalactiae, Trueperella pyogenes, Streptococcus uberis, Bibersteinia trehalosi, Campylobacter fetus, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Fusobacterium necrophorum is provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli with >= 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in sheep and goat in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.}},
  articleno    = {{e06956}},
  author       = {{Nielsen, Soren Saxmose and Bicout, Dominique Joseph and Calistri, Paolo and Canali, Elisabetta and Drewe, Julian Ashley and Garin-Bastuji, Bruno and Rojas, Jose Luis Gonzales and Schmidt, Christian Gortazar and Herskin, Mette and Michel, Virginie and Chueca, Miguel Angel Miranda and Padalino, Barbara and Pasquali, Paolo and Roberts, Helen Clare and Spoolder, Hans and Stahl, Karl and Velarde, Antonio and Viltrop, Arvo and Winckler, Christoph and Dewulf, Jeroen and Guardabassi, Luca and Hilbert, Friederike and Mader, Rodolphe and Baldinelli, Francesca and Alvarez, Julio and EFSA Panel Anim Hlth Welf AHAW, for the}},
  issn         = {{1831-4732}},
  journal      = {{EFSA JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE,MASTITIS,SUSCEPTIBILITY,antimicrobial resistance,animal health law,extensive literature,review,small ruminants,sheep,goats}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{37}},
  title        = {{Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials : sheep and goats}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956}},
  volume       = {{19}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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