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Best research practices for using the Implicit Association Test

Anthony G. Greenwald, Miguel Brendl, Huajian Cai, Dario Cvencek, John F. Dovidio, Malte Friese, Adam Hahn, Eric Hehman, Wilhelm Hofmann, Sean Joseph Hughes (UGent) , et al.
(2022) BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS. 54(3). p.1161-1180
Author
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Abstract
Interest in unintended discrimination that can result from implicit attitudes and stereotypes (implicit biases) has stimulated many research investigations. Much of this research has used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure association strengths that are presumed to underlie implicit biases. It had been more than a decade since the last published treatment of recommended best practices for research using IAT measures. After an initial draft by the first author, and continuing through three subsequent drafts, the 22 authors and 14 commenters contributed extensively to refining the selection and description of recommendation-worthy research practices. Individual judgments of agreement or disagreement were provided by 29 of the 36 authors and commenters. Of the 21 recommended practices for conducting research with IAT measures presented in this article, all but two were endorsed by 90% or more of those who felt knowledgeable enough to express agreement or disagreement; only 4% of the totality of judgments expressed disagreement. For two practices that were retained despite more than two judgments of disagreement (four for one, five for the other), the bases for those disagreements are described in presenting the recommendations. The article additionally provides recommendations for how to report procedures of IAT measures in empirical articles.
Keywords
General Psychology, Psychology (miscellaneous), Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Implicit Association Test, recommended research practices, indirect attitude measurement, implicit social cognition, SOCIAL COGNITION, SELF-ESTEEM, RACIAL PREJUDICE, TEIGE-MOCIGEMBA, ATTITUDES, MODEL, IAT, STEREOTYPES, VALIDATION, COMPONENTS

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MLA
Greenwald, Anthony G., et al. “Best Research Practices for Using the Implicit Association Test.” BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, vol. 54, no. 3, 2022, pp. 1161–80, doi:10.3758/s13428-021-01624-3.
APA
Greenwald, A. G., Brendl, M., Cai, H., Cvencek, D., Dovidio, J. F., Friese, M., … Wiers, R. W. (2022). Best research practices for using the Implicit Association Test. BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, 54(3), 1161–1180. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01624-3
Chicago author-date
Greenwald, Anthony G., Miguel Brendl, Huajian Cai, Dario Cvencek, John F. Dovidio, Malte Friese, Adam Hahn, et al. 2022. “Best Research Practices for Using the Implicit Association Test.” BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS 54 (3): 1161–80. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01624-3.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Greenwald, Anthony G., Miguel Brendl, Huajian Cai, Dario Cvencek, John F. Dovidio, Malte Friese, Adam Hahn, Eric Hehman, Wilhelm Hofmann, Sean Joseph Hughes, Ian Hussey, Christian Jordan, Teri A. Kirby, Calvin K. Lai, Jonas Lang, Kristen P. Lindgren, Dominika Maison, Brian D. Ostafin, James R. Rae, Kate A. Ratliff, Adriaan Spruyt, and Reinout W. Wiers. 2022. “Best Research Practices for Using the Implicit Association Test.” BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS 54 (3): 1161–1180. doi:10.3758/s13428-021-01624-3.
Vancouver
1.
Greenwald AG, Brendl M, Cai H, Cvencek D, Dovidio JF, Friese M, et al. Best research practices for using the Implicit Association Test. BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS. 2022;54(3):1161–80.
IEEE
[1]
A. G. Greenwald et al., “Best research practices for using the Implicit Association Test,” BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1161–1180, 2022.
@article{8737601,
  abstract     = {{Interest in unintended discrimination that can result from implicit attitudes and stereotypes (implicit biases) has stimulated many research investigations. Much of this research has used the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure association strengths that are presumed to underlie implicit biases. It had been more than a decade since the last published treatment of recommended best practices for research using IAT measures. After an initial draft by the first author, and continuing through three subsequent drafts, the 22 authors and 14 commenters contributed extensively to refining the selection and description of recommendation-worthy research practices. Individual judgments of agreement or disagreement were provided by 29 of the 36 authors and commenters. Of the 21 recommended practices for conducting research with IAT measures presented in this article, all but two were endorsed by 90% or more of those who felt knowledgeable enough to express agreement or disagreement; only 4% of the totality of judgments expressed disagreement. For two practices that were retained despite more than two judgments of disagreement (four for one, five for the other), the bases for those disagreements are described in presenting the recommendations. The article additionally provides recommendations for how to report procedures of IAT measures in empirical articles.}},
  author       = {{Greenwald, Anthony G. and Brendl, Miguel and Cai, Huajian and Cvencek, Dario and Dovidio, John F. and Friese, Malte and Hahn, Adam and Hehman, Eric and Hofmann, Wilhelm and Hughes, Sean Joseph and Hussey, Ian and Jordan, Christian and Kirby, Teri A. and Lai, Calvin K. and Lang, Jonas and Lindgren, Kristen P. and Maison, Dominika and Ostafin, Brian D. and Rae, James R. and Ratliff, Kate A. and Spruyt, Adriaan and Wiers, Reinout W.}},
  issn         = {{1554-351X}},
  journal      = {{BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS}},
  keywords     = {{General Psychology,Psychology (miscellaneous),Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous),Developmental and Educational Psychology,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Implicit Association Test,recommended research practices,indirect attitude measurement,implicit social cognition,SOCIAL COGNITION,SELF-ESTEEM,RACIAL PREJUDICE,TEIGE-MOCIGEMBA,ATTITUDES,MODEL,IAT,STEREOTYPES,VALIDATION,COMPONENTS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{1161--1180}},
  title        = {{Best research practices for using the Implicit Association Test}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-021-01624-3}},
  volume       = {{54}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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