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Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Coffea canephora in northeastern DR Congo and the implications for conservation

Samuel Vanden Abeele, Steven B. Janssens, Justin Asimonyio Anio, Yves Bawin, Jonas Depecker, Bienfait Kambale, Ithe Mwanga Mwanga, Tshimi Ebele, Salvator Ntore, Piet Stoffelen, et al.
(2021) AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 108(12). p.2425-2434
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Abstract
Premise Many cultivated coffee varieties descend from Coffea canephora, commonly known as Robusta coffee. The Congo Basin has a century-long history of Robusta coffee cultivation and breeding, and is hypothesized to be the region of origin of many of the cultivated Robusta varieties. Since little is known about the genetic composition of C. canephora in this region, we assessed the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated C. canephora shrubs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods Using 18 microsatellite markers, we studied the genetic composition of wild and backyard-grown C. canephora shrubs in the Tshopo and Ituri provinces and multiple accessions from the INERA Yangambi Coffee Collection. We assessed genetic clustering patterns, genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation between populations. Results Genetic differentiation was relatively strong between wild and cultivated C. canephora shrubs, and both gene pools harbored multiple unique alleles. Strong genetic differentiation was also observed between wild populations. The level of genetic diversity in wild populations was similar to that of the INERA Yangambi Coffee Collection, but local wild genotypes were mostly missing from that collection. Shrubs grown in the backyards were genetically similar to the breeding material from INERA Yangambi. Conclusions Most C. canephora that is grown in local backyards originated from INERA breeding programs, while a few shrubs were obtained directly from surrounding forests. The INERA Yangambi Coffee Collection could benefit from an enrichment with local wild genotypes to increase the genetic resources available for breeding purposes and to support ex situ conservation.
Keywords
RUBIACEAE, PIERRE, Congo Basin, crop domestication, crop wild relatives, ex situ, conservation, INERA Yangambi, Robusta coffee, Rubiaceae, tropical, rainforest

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MLA
Vanden Abeele, Samuel, et al. “Genetic Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Coffea Canephora in Northeastern DR Congo and the Implications for Conservation.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, vol. 108, no. 12, 2021, pp. 2425–34, doi:10.1002/ajb2.1769.
APA
Vanden Abeele, S., Janssens, S. B., Anio, J. A., Bawin, Y., Depecker, J., Kambale, B., … Vandelook, F. (2021). Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Coffea canephora in northeastern DR Congo and the implications for conservation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, 108(12), 2425–2434. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1769
Chicago author-date
Vanden Abeele, Samuel, Steven B. Janssens, Justin Asimonyio Anio, Yves Bawin, Jonas Depecker, Bienfait Kambale, Ithe Mwanga Mwanga, et al. 2021. “Genetic Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Coffea Canephora in Northeastern DR Congo and the Implications for Conservation.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 108 (12): 2425–34. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1769.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vanden Abeele, Samuel, Steven B. Janssens, Justin Asimonyio Anio, Yves Bawin, Jonas Depecker, Bienfait Kambale, Ithe Mwanga Mwanga, Tshimi Ebele, Salvator Ntore, Piet Stoffelen, and Filip Vandelook. 2021. “Genetic Diversity of Wild and Cultivated Coffea Canephora in Northeastern DR Congo and the Implications for Conservation.” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 108 (12): 2425–2434. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1769.
Vancouver
1.
Vanden Abeele S, Janssens SB, Anio JA, Bawin Y, Depecker J, Kambale B, et al. Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Coffea canephora in northeastern DR Congo and the implications for conservation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY. 2021;108(12):2425–34.
IEEE
[1]
S. Vanden Abeele et al., “Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Coffea canephora in northeastern DR Congo and the implications for conservation,” AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY, vol. 108, no. 12, pp. 2425–2434, 2021.
@article{8736748,
  abstract     = {{Premise Many cultivated coffee varieties descend from Coffea canephora, commonly known as Robusta coffee. The Congo Basin has a century-long history of Robusta coffee cultivation and breeding, and is hypothesized to be the region of origin of many of the cultivated Robusta varieties. Since little is known about the genetic composition of C. canephora in this region, we assessed the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated C. canephora shrubs in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods Using 18 microsatellite markers, we studied the genetic composition of wild and backyard-grown C. canephora shrubs in the Tshopo and Ituri provinces and multiple accessions from the INERA Yangambi Coffee Collection. We assessed genetic clustering patterns, genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation between populations. Results Genetic differentiation was relatively strong between wild and cultivated C. canephora shrubs, and both gene pools harbored multiple unique alleles. Strong genetic differentiation was also observed between wild populations. The level of genetic diversity in wild populations was similar to that of the INERA Yangambi Coffee Collection, but local wild genotypes were mostly missing from that collection. Shrubs grown in the backyards were genetically similar to the breeding material from INERA Yangambi. Conclusions Most C. canephora that is grown in local backyards originated from INERA breeding programs, while a few shrubs were obtained directly from surrounding forests. The INERA Yangambi Coffee Collection could benefit from an enrichment with local wild genotypes to increase the genetic resources available for breeding purposes and to support ex situ conservation.}},
  author       = {{Vanden Abeele, Samuel and Janssens, Steven B. and Anio, Justin Asimonyio and Bawin, Yves and Depecker, Jonas and Kambale, Bienfait and Mwanga, Ithe Mwanga and Ebele, Tshimi and Ntore, Salvator and Stoffelen, Piet and Vandelook, Filip}},
  issn         = {{0002-9122}},
  journal      = {{AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY}},
  keywords     = {{RUBIACEAE,PIERRE,Congo Basin,crop domestication,crop wild relatives,ex situ,conservation,INERA Yangambi,Robusta coffee,Rubiaceae,tropical,rainforest}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{2425--2434}},
  title        = {{Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Coffea canephora in northeastern DR Congo and the implications for conservation}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1769}},
  volume       = {{108}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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