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Clinical relevance of serum Kyn/Trp ratio and basal and IFN gamma-upregulated IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes in early stage melanoma

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Abstract
Immune escape is an early phenomenon in cancer development/progression. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a normal endogenous mechanism of acquired peripheral immune tolerance and may therefore be tumor-promoting. This study investigated the clinical relevance of IDO1 expression by immune cells in the lymph nodes and blood and of the serum kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio in 65 systemic treatment naive stage I-III melanoma patients. Blood samples were collected within the first year of diagnosis. Patients had a median follow-up of 61 months. High basal IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes and low IFN gamma-induced IDO1 upregulation correlated with worse outcome independent from disease stage. Interestingly studied factors were not interrelated. During follow-up, the risk of relapse was 9% (2/22) in the subgroup with high IFN gamma-induced IDO1 upregulation in monocytes. In contrast, if IDO1 upregulation was low, relapse occurred in 30% (3/10) of patients with low basal IDO1 expression in monocytes and in 61.5% (8/13) in the subgroup with high basal IDO1 expression in monocytes (Log-Rank test, p=0.008). This study reveals some immune features in the blood of early stage melanoma that may be of relevance for disease outcome. These may offer a target for sub-stratification and early intervention.
Keywords
INDOLEAMINE 2, 3-DIOXYGENASE ACTIVITY, TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES, KYNURENINE PATHWAY, THIN MELANOMAS, PAIRED PRIMARY, IMMUNE CELLS, TRYPTOPHAN, INHIBITION, MACROPHAGES, METABOLISM, early stage melanoma, biomarker, IDO1, Kyn, Trp, tryptophan metabolism, monocytes, immune cells, liquid biopsy

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MLA
Meireson, Annabel, et al. “Clinical Relevance of Serum Kyn/Trp Ratio and Basal and IFN Gamma-Upregulated IDO1 Expression in Peripheral Monocytes in Early Stage Melanoma.” FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 12, 2021, doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.736498.
APA
Meireson, A., Ferdinande, L., Haspeslagh, M., Hennart, B., Allorge, D., Ost, P., … Brochez, L. (2021). Clinical relevance of serum Kyn/Trp ratio and basal and IFN gamma-upregulated IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes in early stage melanoma. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.736498
Chicago author-date
Meireson, Annabel, Liesbeth Ferdinande, Marc Haspeslagh, Benjamin Hennart, Delphine Allorge, Piet Ost, Nora Sundahl, Mathieu Spaas, Annelies Demeyer, and Lieve Brochez. 2021. “Clinical Relevance of Serum Kyn/Trp Ratio and Basal and IFN Gamma-Upregulated IDO1 Expression in Peripheral Monocytes in Early Stage Melanoma.” FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.736498.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Meireson, Annabel, Liesbeth Ferdinande, Marc Haspeslagh, Benjamin Hennart, Delphine Allorge, Piet Ost, Nora Sundahl, Mathieu Spaas, Annelies Demeyer, and Lieve Brochez. 2021. “Clinical Relevance of Serum Kyn/Trp Ratio and Basal and IFN Gamma-Upregulated IDO1 Expression in Peripheral Monocytes in Early Stage Melanoma.” FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY 12. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.736498.
Vancouver
1.
Meireson A, Ferdinande L, Haspeslagh M, Hennart B, Allorge D, Ost P, et al. Clinical relevance of serum Kyn/Trp ratio and basal and IFN gamma-upregulated IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes in early stage melanoma. FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY. 2021;12.
IEEE
[1]
A. Meireson et al., “Clinical relevance of serum Kyn/Trp ratio and basal and IFN gamma-upregulated IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes in early stage melanoma,” FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 12, 2021.
@article{8735979,
  abstract     = {{Immune escape is an early phenomenon in cancer development/progression. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a normal endogenous mechanism of acquired peripheral immune tolerance and may therefore be tumor-promoting. This study investigated the clinical relevance of IDO1 expression by immune cells in the lymph nodes and blood and of the serum kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio in 65 systemic treatment naive stage I-III melanoma patients. Blood samples were collected within the first year of diagnosis. Patients had a median follow-up of 61 months. High basal IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes and low IFN gamma-induced IDO1 upregulation correlated with worse outcome independent from disease stage. Interestingly studied factors were not interrelated. During follow-up, the risk of relapse was 9% (2/22) in the subgroup with high IFN gamma-induced IDO1 upregulation in monocytes. In contrast, if IDO1 upregulation was low, relapse occurred in 30% (3/10) of patients with low basal IDO1 expression in monocytes and in 61.5% (8/13) in the subgroup with high basal IDO1 expression in monocytes (Log-Rank test, p=0.008). This study reveals some immune features in the blood of early stage melanoma that may be of relevance for disease outcome. These may offer a target for sub-stratification and early intervention.}},
  articleno    = {{736498}},
  author       = {{Meireson, Annabel and Ferdinande, Liesbeth and Haspeslagh, Marc and Hennart, Benjamin and Allorge, Delphine and Ost, Piet and Sundahl, Nora and Spaas, Mathieu and Demeyer, Annelies and Brochez, Lieve}},
  issn         = {{1664-3224}},
  journal      = {{FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{INDOLEAMINE 2,3-DIOXYGENASE ACTIVITY,TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES,KYNURENINE PATHWAY,THIN MELANOMAS,PAIRED PRIMARY,IMMUNE CELLS,TRYPTOPHAN,INHIBITION,MACROPHAGES,METABOLISM,early stage melanoma,biomarker,IDO1,Kyn,Trp,tryptophan metabolism,monocytes,immune cells,liquid biopsy}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{12}},
  title        = {{Clinical relevance of serum Kyn/Trp ratio and basal and IFN gamma-upregulated IDO1 expression in peripheral monocytes in early stage melanoma}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.736498}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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