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Now you see it, now you don't : flanker presence induces the word concreteness effect

(2022) COGNITION. 218.
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Abstract
Can the presence of unrelated flanker words change the way that lexical decisions are made to target words in the flankers task? Here we examined the impact of flanker presence on the effects of word concreteness. Target words had high or low concreteness ratings (e.g., fork, free) and were either presented in isolation or flanked to the left and right by an unrelated word (e.g., cold free cold) that was irrelevant for the task. Results revealed that the facilitatory effect of concreteness (faster responses to concrete words compared with abstract words) was significantly greater in the presence of flankers. A control experiment revealed the same pattern with pseudoword and nonword flankers. We conclude that the mere presence of flanking letter strings causes a greater depth of processing of target words. We further speculate that this might arise by flankers inducing a more "sentencelike" context by the presence of multiple, spatially distinct letter strings, that prohibits the use of more superficial decision processes and can be used to make lexical decisions to isolated words.
Keywords
Cognitive Neuroscience, Linguistics and Language, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Language and Linguistics, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Flankers task, Word concreteness, Lexical decision, Depth-of-processing, PARAFOVEAL ORTHOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, CONTEXT-AVAILABILITY, LEXICAL ACCESS, FRENCH WORDS, NEIGHBORHOOD, RECOGNITION, COMPREHENSION, FREQUENCY

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MLA
Vandendaele, Aaron, and Jonathan Grainger. “Now You See It, Now You Don’t : Flanker Presence Induces the Word Concreteness Effect.” COGNITION, vol. 218, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104945.
APA
Vandendaele, A., & Grainger, J. (2022). Now you see it, now you don’t : flanker presence induces the word concreteness effect. COGNITION, 218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104945
Chicago author-date
Vandendaele, Aaron, and Jonathan Grainger. 2022. “Now You See It, Now You Don’t : Flanker Presence Induces the Word Concreteness Effect.” COGNITION 218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104945.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vandendaele, Aaron, and Jonathan Grainger. 2022. “Now You See It, Now You Don’t : Flanker Presence Induces the Word Concreteness Effect.” COGNITION 218. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104945.
Vancouver
1.
Vandendaele A, Grainger J. Now you see it, now you don’t : flanker presence induces the word concreteness effect. COGNITION. 2022;218.
IEEE
[1]
A. Vandendaele and J. Grainger, “Now you see it, now you don’t : flanker presence induces the word concreteness effect,” COGNITION, vol. 218, 2022.
@article{8735961,
  abstract     = {{Can the presence of unrelated flanker words change the way that lexical decisions are made to target words in the flankers task? Here we examined the impact of flanker presence on the effects of word concreteness. Target words had high or low concreteness ratings (e.g., fork, free) and were either presented in isolation or flanked to the left and right by an unrelated word (e.g., cold free cold) that was irrelevant for the task. Results revealed that the facilitatory effect of concreteness (faster responses to concrete words compared with abstract words) was significantly greater in the presence of flankers. A control experiment revealed the same pattern with pseudoword and nonword flankers. We conclude that the mere presence of flanking letter strings causes a greater depth of processing of target words. We further speculate that this might arise by flankers inducing a more "sentencelike" context by the presence of multiple, spatially distinct letter strings, that prohibits the use of more superficial decision processes and can be used to make lexical decisions to isolated words.}},
  articleno    = {{104945}},
  author       = {{Vandendaele, Aaron and Grainger, Jonathan}},
  issn         = {{0010-0277}},
  journal      = {{COGNITION}},
  keywords     = {{Cognitive Neuroscience,Linguistics and Language,Developmental and Educational Psychology,Language and Linguistics,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology,Flankers task,Word concreteness,Lexical decision,Depth-of-processing,PARAFOVEAL ORTHOGRAPHIC INFORMATION,CONTEXT-AVAILABILITY,LEXICAL ACCESS,FRENCH WORDS,NEIGHBORHOOD,RECOGNITION,COMPREHENSION,FREQUENCY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{8}},
  title        = {{Now you see it, now you don't : flanker presence induces the word concreteness effect}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104945}},
  volume       = {{218}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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