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Long-term stability study and evaluation of intact steroid conjugate ratios after the administration of endogenous steroids

Laurie De Wilde (UGent) , Pieter Van Renterghem (UGent) and Peter Van Eenoo (UGent)
(2022) DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS. 14(5). p.851-863
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Abstract
The most frequently detected substances prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) belong to the anabolic steroids class. The most challenging compounds among this class are the endogenous anabolic steroids, which are detected by quantitative measurement of testosterone (T) and its metabolites with a so-called "steroid profiling" method. The current steroid profile is based on the concentrations and ratios of the sum of free and glucuronidated steroids. Recently, our group developed a steroid profiling method for the detection of three free steroids and 14 intact steroid conjugates, including both the glucuronic acid conjugated and sulfated fraction. The study aimed at evaluating the long-term stability of steroid conjugate concentrations and ratios, and the influence of different endogenous steroids on this extended steroid profile. A single dose of oral T undecanoate (TU), topical T gel, topical dihydrotestosterone (DHT) gel, and oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was administered to six healthy male volunteers. One additional volunteer with a homozygote deletion of the UGT2B17 gene (del/del genotype) received a single topical dose of T gel. An intramuscular dose of TU was administered to another volunteer. To avoid fluctuation of steroid concentrations caused by variations in urinary flow rates, steroid ratios were calculated and evaluated as possible biomarkers for the detection of endogenous steroid abuse with low doses. Overall, sulfates do not have substantial additional value in prolonging detection times for the investigated endogenous steroids and administration doses. The already monitored glucuronides were overall the best markers and were sufficient to detect the administered steroids.
Keywords
PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, ATHLETE BIOLOGICAL PASSPORT, ANALYTICAL STRATEGIES, URINARY TESTOSTERONE, ANABOLIC-STEROIDS, MASS, METABOLITES, BIOMARKERS, SULFATE, DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE, doping, intact endogenous steroid conjugates, long&#8208, term stability, study, low dose administration studies, steroid profile

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MLA
De Wilde, Laurie, et al. “Long-Term Stability Study and Evaluation of Intact Steroid Conjugate Ratios after the Administration of Endogenous Steroids.” DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, vol. 14, no. 5, 2022, pp. 851–63, doi:10.1002/dta.3096.
APA
De Wilde, L., Van Renterghem, P., & Van Eenoo, P. (2022). Long-term stability study and evaluation of intact steroid conjugate ratios after the administration of endogenous steroids. DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, 14(5), 851–863. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3096
Chicago author-date
De Wilde, Laurie, Pieter Van Renterghem, and Peter Van Eenoo. 2022. “Long-Term Stability Study and Evaluation of Intact Steroid Conjugate Ratios after the Administration of Endogenous Steroids.” DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS 14 (5): 851–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3096.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Wilde, Laurie, Pieter Van Renterghem, and Peter Van Eenoo. 2022. “Long-Term Stability Study and Evaluation of Intact Steroid Conjugate Ratios after the Administration of Endogenous Steroids.” DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS 14 (5): 851–863. doi:10.1002/dta.3096.
Vancouver
1.
De Wilde L, Van Renterghem P, Van Eenoo P. Long-term stability study and evaluation of intact steroid conjugate ratios after the administration of endogenous steroids. DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS. 2022;14(5):851–63.
IEEE
[1]
L. De Wilde, P. Van Renterghem, and P. Van Eenoo, “Long-term stability study and evaluation of intact steroid conjugate ratios after the administration of endogenous steroids,” DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 851–863, 2022.
@article{8735759,
  abstract     = {{The most frequently detected substances prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) belong to the anabolic steroids class. The most challenging compounds among this class are the endogenous anabolic steroids, which are detected by quantitative measurement of testosterone (T) and its metabolites with a so-called "steroid profiling" method. The current steroid profile is based on the concentrations and ratios of the sum of free and glucuronidated steroids. Recently, our group developed a steroid profiling method for the detection of three free steroids and 14 intact steroid conjugates, including both the glucuronic acid conjugated and sulfated fraction. The study aimed at evaluating the long-term stability of steroid conjugate concentrations and ratios, and the influence of different endogenous steroids on this extended steroid profile. A single dose of oral T undecanoate (TU), topical T gel, topical dihydrotestosterone (DHT) gel, and oral dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was administered to six healthy male volunteers. One additional volunteer with a homozygote deletion of the UGT2B17 gene (del/del genotype) received a single topical dose of T gel. An intramuscular dose of TU was administered to another volunteer. To avoid fluctuation of steroid concentrations caused by variations in urinary flow rates, steroid ratios were calculated and evaluated as possible biomarkers for the detection of endogenous steroid abuse with low doses. Overall, sulfates do not have substantial additional value in prolonging detection times for the investigated endogenous steroids and administration doses. The already monitored glucuronides were overall the best markers and were sufficient to detect the administered steroids.}},
  author       = {{De Wilde, Laurie and Van Renterghem, Pieter and Van Eenoo, Peter}},
  issn         = {{1942-7603}},
  journal      = {{DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS}},
  keywords     = {{PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY,ATHLETE BIOLOGICAL PASSPORT,ANALYTICAL STRATEGIES,URINARY TESTOSTERONE,ANABOLIC-STEROIDS,MASS,METABOLITES,BIOMARKERS,SULFATE,DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE,doping,intact endogenous steroid conjugates,long&#8208,term stability,study,low dose administration studies,steroid profile}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{851--863}},
  title        = {{Long-term stability study and evaluation of intact steroid conjugate ratios after the administration of endogenous steroids}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3096}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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