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Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales

Bianca B. Perren, Dominic A. Hodgson, Stephen J. Roberts, Louise Sime, Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze (UGent) , Elie Verleyen (UGent) and Wim Vyverman (UGent)
(2020) COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT. 1(1).
Author
Organization
Abstract
Recent changes in the strength and location of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHW) have been linked to continental droughts and wildfires, changes in the Southern Ocean carbon sink, sea ice extent, ocean circulation, and ice shelf stability. Despite their critical role, our ability to predict their impacts under future climates is limited by a lack of data on SHW behaviour over centennial timescales. Here, we present a 700-year record of changes in SHW intensity from sub-Antarctic Marion Island using diatom and geochemical proxies and compare it with paleoclimate records and recent instrumental data. During cool periods, such as the Little Ice Age (c. 1400-1870 CE), the winds weakened and shifted towards the equator, and during warm periods they intensified and migrated poleward. These results imply that changes in the latitudinal temperature gradient drive century-scale SHW migrations, and that intensification of impacts can be anticipated in the coming century. Warmer periods correspond with poleward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over the past 700 years and vice versa, according to multi-proxy records from a lake sediment core on sub-Antarctic Marion Island.
Keywords
WINTER RAINFALL ZONE, ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET, ANNULAR MODE, PRECIPITATION, VARIABILITY, AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL, TRENDS, OCEAN, TEMPERATURE, AGE, PATAGONIA

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MLA
Perren, Bianca B., et al. “Southward Migration of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds Corresponds with Warming Climate over Centennial Timescales.” COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020, doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6.
APA
Perren, B. B., Hodgson, D. A., Roberts, S. J., Sime, L., Van Nieuwenhuyze, W., Verleyen, E., & Vyverman, W. (2020). Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6
Chicago author-date
Perren, Bianca B., Dominic A. Hodgson, Stephen J. Roberts, Louise Sime, Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze, Elie Verleyen, and Wim Vyverman. 2020. “Southward Migration of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds Corresponds with Warming Climate over Centennial Timescales.” COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Perren, Bianca B., Dominic A. Hodgson, Stephen J. Roberts, Louise Sime, Wim Van Nieuwenhuyze, Elie Verleyen, and Wim Vyverman. 2020. “Southward Migration of the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds Corresponds with Warming Climate over Centennial Timescales.” COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 1 (1). doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6.
Vancouver
1.
Perren BB, Hodgson DA, Roberts SJ, Sime L, Van Nieuwenhuyze W, Verleyen E, et al. Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales. COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT. 2020;1(1).
IEEE
[1]
B. B. Perren et al., “Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales,” COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT, vol. 1, no. 1, 2020.
@article{8734914,
  abstract     = {{Recent changes in the strength and location of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds (SHW) have been linked to continental droughts and wildfires, changes in the Southern Ocean carbon sink, sea ice extent, ocean circulation, and ice shelf stability. Despite their critical role, our ability to predict their impacts under future climates is limited by a lack of data on SHW behaviour over centennial timescales. Here, we present a 700-year record of changes in SHW intensity from sub-Antarctic Marion Island using diatom and geochemical proxies and compare it with paleoclimate records and recent instrumental data. During cool periods, such as the Little Ice Age (c. 1400-1870 CE), the winds weakened and shifted towards the equator, and during warm periods they intensified and migrated poleward. These results imply that changes in the latitudinal temperature gradient drive century-scale SHW migrations, and that intensification of impacts can be anticipated in the coming century. Warmer periods correspond with poleward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds over the past 700 years and vice versa, according to multi-proxy records from a lake sediment core on sub-Antarctic Marion Island.}},
  articleno    = {{58}},
  author       = {{Perren, Bianca B. and Hodgson, Dominic A. and Roberts, Stephen J. and Sime, Louise and Van Nieuwenhuyze, Wim and Verleyen, Elie and Vyverman, Wim}},
  issn         = {{2662-4435}},
  journal      = {{COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT}},
  keywords     = {{WINTER RAINFALL ZONE,ANTARCTIC ICE-SHEET,ANNULAR MODE,PRECIPITATION,VARIABILITY,AUSTRALIAN RAINFALL,TRENDS,OCEAN,TEMPERATURE,AGE,PATAGONIA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{8}},
  title        = {{Southward migration of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds corresponds with warming climate over centennial timescales}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-020-00059-6}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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