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Exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins and linear growth of children in rural Ethiopia : a longitudinal study

Masresha Tessema, Hugo De Groote, Inge D. Brouwer, Marthe De Boevre (UGent) , Arnau Vidal Corominas (UGent) , Barbara J. Stoecker, Edith J. M. Feskens, Tefera Belachew, Anastasia Karakitsou and Nilupa S. Gunaratna
(2021) PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION. 24(12). p.3662-3673
Author
Organization
Abstract
Objective: We hypothesise that exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins, measured in serum, alters protein synthesis, reducing serum protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), increasing inflammation and infection, leading to child's linear growth failure. Design: Children 6-35 months, stratified by baseline stunting, were subsampled from an intervention trial on quality protein maize consumption and evaluated at two time-points. Setting: Blood samples and anthropometric data were collected in the pre-harvest (August-September 2015) and post-harvest (February 2016) seasons in rural Ethiopia. Participants: 102 children (50 stunted and 52 non-stunted). Results: Proportions of children exposed to aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2 and aflatoxin M1 were higher in the pre-harvest (8, 33 and 7, respectively) compared to post-harvest season (4, 28 and 4, respectively). The proportion of children exposed to any aflatoxin was higher in the pre-harvest than post-harvest season (51 % v. 41 %). Fumonisin exposure ranged from 0 % to 11 %. In joint statistical tests, aflatoxin exposure was associated with serum biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, alpha-1-glycoprotein) and protein status (transthyretin, lysine, tryptophan), IGF-1 and linear growth (all P < 0 center dot 01). However, exposure to specific aflatoxins was not significantly associated with any biomarkers or outcomes (all P > 0 center dot 05). Conclusions: Aflatoxin exposure among rural Ethiopian children was high, with large variation between seasons and individual aflatoxins. Fumonisin exposure was low. There was no clear association between aflatoxin exposure and protein status, inflammation or linear growth. A larger study may be needed to examine the potential biological interactions, and the assessment of aflatoxins in food is needed to determine sources of high exposure.
Keywords
IMPAIRED GROWTH, HEALTH, MYCOTOXINS, TOXICOLOGY, MAIZE, CONSEQUENCES, BIOMARKERS, CHILDHOOD, BENIN, FOODS, Linear growth, Aflatoxin, Fumonisin, Protein status, Inflammation, Ethiopia

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MLA
Tessema, Masresha, et al. “Exposure to Aflatoxins and Fumonisins and Linear Growth of Children in Rural Ethiopia : A Longitudinal Study.” PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION, vol. 24, no. 12, 2021, pp. 3662–73, doi:10.1017/S1368980021000422.
APA
Tessema, M., De Groote, H., Brouwer, I. D., De Boevre, M., Vidal Corominas, A., Stoecker, B. J., … Gunaratna, N. S. (2021). Exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins and linear growth of children in rural Ethiopia : a longitudinal study. PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION, 24(12), 3662–3673. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021000422
Chicago author-date
Tessema, Masresha, Hugo De Groote, Inge D. Brouwer, Marthe De Boevre, Arnau Vidal Corominas, Barbara J. Stoecker, Edith J. M. Feskens, Tefera Belachew, Anastasia Karakitsou, and Nilupa S. Gunaratna. 2021. “Exposure to Aflatoxins and Fumonisins and Linear Growth of Children in Rural Ethiopia : A Longitudinal Study.” PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 24 (12): 3662–73. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021000422.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Tessema, Masresha, Hugo De Groote, Inge D. Brouwer, Marthe De Boevre, Arnau Vidal Corominas, Barbara J. Stoecker, Edith J. M. Feskens, Tefera Belachew, Anastasia Karakitsou, and Nilupa S. Gunaratna. 2021. “Exposure to Aflatoxins and Fumonisins and Linear Growth of Children in Rural Ethiopia : A Longitudinal Study.” PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION 24 (12): 3662–3673. doi:10.1017/S1368980021000422.
Vancouver
1.
Tessema M, De Groote H, Brouwer ID, De Boevre M, Vidal Corominas A, Stoecker BJ, et al. Exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins and linear growth of children in rural Ethiopia : a longitudinal study. PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION. 2021;24(12):3662–73.
IEEE
[1]
M. Tessema et al., “Exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins and linear growth of children in rural Ethiopia : a longitudinal study,” PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3662–3673, 2021.
@article{8734323,
  abstract     = {{Objective: We hypothesise that exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins, measured in serum, alters protein synthesis, reducing serum protein and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), increasing inflammation and infection, leading to child's linear growth failure. Design: Children 6-35 months, stratified by baseline stunting, were subsampled from an intervention trial on quality protein maize consumption and evaluated at two time-points. Setting: Blood samples and anthropometric data were collected in the pre-harvest (August-September 2015) and post-harvest (February 2016) seasons in rural Ethiopia. Participants: 102 children (50 stunted and 52 non-stunted). Results: Proportions of children exposed to aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2 and aflatoxin M1 were higher in the pre-harvest (8, 33 and 7, respectively) compared to post-harvest season (4, 28 and 4, respectively). The proportion of children exposed to any aflatoxin was higher in the pre-harvest than post-harvest season (51 % v. 41 %). Fumonisin exposure ranged from 0 % to 11 %. In joint statistical tests, aflatoxin exposure was associated with serum biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, alpha-1-glycoprotein) and protein status (transthyretin, lysine, tryptophan), IGF-1 and linear growth (all P < 0 center dot 01). However, exposure to specific aflatoxins was not significantly associated with any biomarkers or outcomes (all P > 0 center dot 05). Conclusions: Aflatoxin exposure among rural Ethiopian children was high, with large variation between seasons and individual aflatoxins. Fumonisin exposure was low. There was no clear association between aflatoxin exposure and protein status, inflammation or linear growth. A larger study may be needed to examine the potential biological interactions, and the assessment of aflatoxins in food is needed to determine sources of high exposure.}},
  author       = {{Tessema, Masresha and De Groote, Hugo and Brouwer, Inge D. and De Boevre, Marthe and Vidal Corominas, Arnau and Stoecker, Barbara J. and Feskens, Edith J. M. and Belachew, Tefera and Karakitsou, Anastasia and Gunaratna, Nilupa S.}},
  issn         = {{1368-9800}},
  journal      = {{PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION}},
  keywords     = {{IMPAIRED GROWTH,HEALTH,MYCOTOXINS,TOXICOLOGY,MAIZE,CONSEQUENCES,BIOMARKERS,CHILDHOOD,BENIN,FOODS,Linear growth,Aflatoxin,Fumonisin,Protein status,Inflammation,Ethiopia}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{3662--3673}},
  title        = {{Exposure to aflatoxins and fumonisins and linear growth of children in rural Ethiopia : a longitudinal study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021000422}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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