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Iron oxide coated sand (IOS) : scale-up analysis and full-scale application for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater

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Abstract
Effective eutrophication control, especially for decentralized wastewater treatment, has received increasing attention in recent years. In view of this, iron oxide coated sand (IOS) granules, a recycled waste product from the drinking water industry, was investigated for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater, both at laboratory-scale and at full-scale. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption revealed a high specific surface area (249 m(2)/g) of the IOS. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction demonstrated that Fe(III) compounds are the main functional component and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showed that Fe and O elements covered more than 84% of the surface of the IOS. The IOS granules showed good phosphorus adsorption capacity over a wide pH range during laboratory-scale batch tests. More-over, the phosphorus adsorption was very fast and the residual phosphorus concentration dropped below 0.02 mg/L within an hour at a dosage of 20 g/L. After adsorption, the exhausted IOS could be regenerated by using 0.5 M KOH, and more than 80% adsorption capacity remained. Laboratory-scale column tests with real waste-water originating from a goat farm were run and Bed Depth Service Time and Bohart-Adams models were applied in view of scale-up. Based on this, a full-scale IOS based fixed bed reactor was designed, built and tested at a goat farm. A TP removal efficiency of 99% with a 0.87 m(3) IOS fixed bed reactor (fed at 2.2 m(3)/d) was obtained. The TP concentration in the effluent remained below 0.3 mg/L for nearly 400 days, achieving long term TP removal. This study demonstrates that IOS based treatment is an ecological and environmentally friendly method, suitable for full-scale (decentralized) wastewater treatment.
Keywords
Adsorption, Full-scale demonstration, Goat farm wastewater, Iron oxide coated sand granules (IOS), Phosphorus removal, Scale-up, PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION, CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS, CR(VI) ADSORPTION, AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS, ACTIVATED CARBON, ADSORBENT, DESIGN, EQUILIBRIUM, SPECIATION, REDUCTION

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MLA
Zhang, Rui, et al. “Iron Oxide Coated Sand (IOS) : Scale-up Analysis and Full-Scale Application for Phosphorus Removal from Goat Farm Wastewater.” SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 284, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120213.
APA
Zhang, R., Wang, L., Lakho, F. H., Yang, X., Depuydt, V., Igodt, W., … Van Hulle, S. (2022). Iron oxide coated sand (IOS) : scale-up analysis and full-scale application for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120213
Chicago author-date
Zhang, Rui, Lutian Wang, Fida Hussain Lakho, Xuetong Yang, Veerle Depuydt, Wouter Igodt, Hong Quan Le, Diederik Rousseau, and Stijn Van Hulle. 2022. “Iron Oxide Coated Sand (IOS) : Scale-up Analysis and Full-Scale Application for Phosphorus Removal from Goat Farm Wastewater.” SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120213.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Zhang, Rui, Lutian Wang, Fida Hussain Lakho, Xuetong Yang, Veerle Depuydt, Wouter Igodt, Hong Quan Le, Diederik Rousseau, and Stijn Van Hulle. 2022. “Iron Oxide Coated Sand (IOS) : Scale-up Analysis and Full-Scale Application for Phosphorus Removal from Goat Farm Wastewater.” SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 284. doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120213.
Vancouver
1.
Zhang R, Wang L, Lakho FH, Yang X, Depuydt V, Igodt W, et al. Iron oxide coated sand (IOS) : scale-up analysis and full-scale application for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY. 2022;284.
IEEE
[1]
R. Zhang et al., “Iron oxide coated sand (IOS) : scale-up analysis and full-scale application for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater,” SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 284, 2022.
@article{8733930,
  abstract     = {{Effective eutrophication control, especially for decentralized wastewater treatment, has received increasing attention in recent years. In view of this, iron oxide coated sand (IOS) granules, a recycled waste product from the drinking water industry, was investigated for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater, both at laboratory-scale and at full-scale. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption revealed a high specific surface area (249 m(2)/g) of the IOS. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction demonstrated that Fe(III) compounds are the main functional component and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy showed that Fe and O elements covered more than 84% of the surface of the IOS. The IOS granules showed good phosphorus adsorption capacity over a wide pH range during laboratory-scale batch tests. More-over, the phosphorus adsorption was very fast and the residual phosphorus concentration dropped below 0.02 mg/L within an hour at a dosage of 20 g/L. After adsorption, the exhausted IOS could be regenerated by using 0.5 M KOH, and more than 80% adsorption capacity remained. Laboratory-scale column tests with real waste-water originating from a goat farm were run and Bed Depth Service Time and Bohart-Adams models were applied in view of scale-up. Based on this, a full-scale IOS based fixed bed reactor was designed, built and tested at a goat farm. A TP removal efficiency of 99% with a 0.87 m(3) IOS fixed bed reactor (fed at 2.2 m(3)/d) was obtained. The TP concentration in the effluent remained below 0.3 mg/L for nearly 400 days, achieving long term TP removal. This study demonstrates that IOS based treatment is an ecological and environmentally friendly method, suitable for full-scale (decentralized) wastewater treatment.}},
  articleno    = {{120213}},
  author       = {{Zhang, Rui and Wang, Lutian and Lakho, Fida Hussain and Yang, Xuetong and Depuydt, Veerle and Igodt, Wouter and Le, Hong Quan and Rousseau, Diederik and Van Hulle, Stijn}},
  issn         = {{1383-5866}},
  journal      = {{SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Adsorption,Full-scale demonstration,Goat farm wastewater,Iron oxide coated sand granules (IOS),Phosphorus removal,Scale-up,PHOSPHATE ADSORPTION,CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS,CR(VI) ADSORPTION,AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS,ACTIVATED CARBON,ADSORBENT,DESIGN,EQUILIBRIUM,SPECIATION,REDUCTION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Iron oxide coated sand (IOS) : scale-up analysis and full-scale application for phosphorus removal from goat farm wastewater}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120213}},
  volume       = {{284}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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