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Immunogenic ferroptosis and where to find it?

Robin Demuynck (UGent) , Iuliia Efimova (UGent) , Faye Naessens (UGent) and Dmitri Krysko (UGent)
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death that is morphologically, genetically, and biochemically distinct from apoptosis and necroptosis, and its potential use in anticancer therapy is emerging. The strong immunogenicity of (early) ferroptotic cancer cells broadens the current concept of immunogenic cell death and opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. In particular, induction of immunogenic ferroptosis could be beneficial for patients with cancers resistant to apoptosis and necroptosis. However, ferroptotic cancer cells may be a rich source of oxidized lipids, which contribute to decreased phagocytosis and antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells and thus may favor tumor evasion. This could explain the non-immunogenicity of late ferroptotic cells. Besides the presence of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, acidification and hypoxia are essential factors promoting ferroptosis resistance and affecting its immunogenicity. Here, we critically discuss the crucial mediators controlling the immunogenicity of ferroptosis that modulate the induction of antitumor immunity. We emphasize that it will be necessary to also identify the tolerogenic (ie, immunosuppressive) nature of ferroptosis, which can lead to tumor evasion.
Keywords
tumor microenvironment, phagocytosis, immunotherapy, immunomodulation, immunogenicity, vaccine, ERASTIN-INDUCED FERROPTOSIS, NECK-CANCER CELLS, CISPLATIN-RESISTANT HEAD, APOPTOTIC CELLS, ANTICANCER CHEMOTHERAPY, CALRETICULIN EXPOSURE, REGULATES FERROPTOSIS, NECROTIC CELLS, DEATH, INHIBITION

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MLA
Demuynck, Robin, et al. “Immunogenic Ferroptosis and Where to Find It?” JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER, vol. 9, no. 12, 2021, doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-003430.
APA
Demuynck, R., Efimova, I., Naessens, F., & Krysko, D. (2021). Immunogenic ferroptosis and where to find it? JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003430
Chicago author-date
Demuynck, Robin, Iuliia Efimova, Faye Naessens, and Dmitri Krysko. 2021. “Immunogenic Ferroptosis and Where to Find It?” JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER 9 (12). https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003430.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Demuynck, Robin, Iuliia Efimova, Faye Naessens, and Dmitri Krysko. 2021. “Immunogenic Ferroptosis and Where to Find It?” JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER 9 (12). doi:10.1136/jitc-2021-003430.
Vancouver
1.
Demuynck R, Efimova I, Naessens F, Krysko D. Immunogenic ferroptosis and where to find it? JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER. 2021;9(12).
IEEE
[1]
R. Demuynck, I. Efimova, F. Naessens, and D. Krysko, “Immunogenic ferroptosis and where to find it?,” JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER, vol. 9, no. 12, 2021.
@article{8732869,
  abstract     = {{Ferroptosis is a recently discovered form of regulated cell death that is morphologically, genetically, and biochemically distinct from apoptosis and necroptosis, and its potential use in anticancer therapy is emerging. The strong immunogenicity of (early) ferroptotic cancer cells broadens the current concept of immunogenic cell death and opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. In particular, induction of immunogenic ferroptosis could be beneficial for patients with cancers resistant to apoptosis and necroptosis. However, ferroptotic cancer cells may be a rich source of oxidized lipids, which contribute to decreased phagocytosis and antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells and thus may favor tumor evasion. This could explain the non-immunogenicity of late ferroptotic cells. Besides the presence of lactate in the tumor microenvironment, acidification and hypoxia are essential factors promoting ferroptosis resistance and affecting its immunogenicity. Here, we critically discuss the crucial mediators controlling the immunogenicity of ferroptosis that modulate the induction of antitumor immunity. We emphasize that it will be necessary to also identify the tolerogenic (ie, immunosuppressive) nature of ferroptosis, which can lead to tumor evasion.}},
  articleno    = {{e003430}},
  author       = {{Demuynck, Robin and Efimova, Iuliia and Naessens, Faye and Krysko, Dmitri}},
  issn         = {{2051-1426}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER}},
  keywords     = {{tumor microenvironment,phagocytosis,immunotherapy,immunomodulation,immunogenicity,vaccine,ERASTIN-INDUCED FERROPTOSIS,NECK-CANCER CELLS,CISPLATIN-RESISTANT HEAD,APOPTOTIC CELLS,ANTICANCER CHEMOTHERAPY,CALRETICULIN EXPOSURE,REGULATES FERROPTOSIS,NECROTIC CELLS,DEATH,INHIBITION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{18}},
  title        = {{Immunogenic ferroptosis and where to find it?}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-003430}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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