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In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis

Nora Gallarotti, Matti Barthel, Elizabeth Verhoeven, Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, Marijn Bauters (UGent) , Simon Baumgartner, Travis W. Drake, Pascal Boeckx (UGent) , Joachim Mohn, Manon Longepierre, et al.
(2021) ISME JOURNAL. 15(11). p.3357-3374
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Abstract
Primary tropical forests generally exhibit large gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, occurring as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) or elemental nitrogen (N-2). The release of N2O is of particular concern due to its high global warming potential and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Tropical forest soils are predicted to be among the largest natural sources of N2O; however, despite being the world's second-largest rainforest, measurements of gaseous N-losses from forest soils of the Congo Basin are scarce. In addition, long-term studies investigating N2O fluxes from different forest ecosystem types (lowland and montane forests) are scarce. In this study we show that fluxes measured in the Congo Basin were lower than fluxes measured in the Neotropics, and in the tropical forests of Australia and South East Asia. In addition, we show that despite different climatic conditions, average annual N2O fluxes in the Congo Basin's lowland forests (0.97 +/- 0.53 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) were comparable to those in its montane forest (0.88 +/- 0.97 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Measurements of soil pore air N2O isotope data at multiple depths suggests that a microbial reduction of N2O to N-2 within the soil may account for the observed low surface N2O fluxes and low soil pore N2O concentrations. The potential for microbial reduction is corroborated by a significant abundance and expression of the gene nosZ in soil samples from both study sites. Although isotopic and functional gene analyses indicate an enzymatic potential for complete denitrification, combined gaseous N-losses (N2O, N-2) are unlikely to account for the missing N-sink in these forests. Other N-losses such as NO, N-2 via Feammox or hydrological particulate organic nitrogen export could play an important role in soils of the Congo Basin and should be the focus of future research.
Keywords
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Microbiology, NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS, DENITRIFYING BACTERIA, RAIN-FOREST, NOSZ GENES, NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION, AMAZON FOREST, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, TIME-SERIES, LOSSES, NITRIFICATION

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MLA
Gallarotti, Nora, et al. “In-Depth Analysis of N2O Fluxes in Tropical Forest Soils of the Congo Basin Combining Isotope and Functional Gene Analysis.” ISME JOURNAL, vol. 15, no. 11, 2021, pp. 3357–74, doi:10.1038/s41396-021-01004-x.
APA
Gallarotti, N., Barthel, M., Verhoeven, E., Pereira, E. I. P., Bauters, M., Baumgartner, S., … Six, J. (2021). In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis. ISME JOURNAL, 15(11), 3357–3374. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01004-x
Chicago author-date
Gallarotti, Nora, Matti Barthel, Elizabeth Verhoeven, Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, Marijn Bauters, Simon Baumgartner, Travis W. Drake, et al. 2021. “In-Depth Analysis of N2O Fluxes in Tropical Forest Soils of the Congo Basin Combining Isotope and Functional Gene Analysis.” ISME JOURNAL 15 (11): 3357–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01004-x.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Gallarotti, Nora, Matti Barthel, Elizabeth Verhoeven, Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, Marijn Bauters, Simon Baumgartner, Travis W. Drake, Pascal Boeckx, Joachim Mohn, Manon Longepierre, John Kalume Mugula, Isaac Ahanamungu Makelele, Landry Cizungu Ntaboba, and Johan Six. 2021. “In-Depth Analysis of N2O Fluxes in Tropical Forest Soils of the Congo Basin Combining Isotope and Functional Gene Analysis.” ISME JOURNAL 15 (11): 3357–3374. doi:10.1038/s41396-021-01004-x.
Vancouver
1.
Gallarotti N, Barthel M, Verhoeven E, Pereira EIP, Bauters M, Baumgartner S, et al. In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis. ISME JOURNAL. 2021;15(11):3357–74.
IEEE
[1]
N. Gallarotti et al., “In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis,” ISME JOURNAL, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 3357–3374, 2021.
@article{8732833,
  abstract     = {{Primary tropical forests generally exhibit large gaseous nitrogen (N) losses, occurring as nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O) or elemental nitrogen (N-2). The release of N2O is of particular concern due to its high global warming potential and destruction of stratospheric ozone. Tropical forest soils are predicted to be among the largest natural sources of N2O; however, despite being the world's second-largest rainforest, measurements of gaseous N-losses from forest soils of the Congo Basin are scarce. In addition, long-term studies investigating N2O fluxes from different forest ecosystem types (lowland and montane forests) are scarce. In this study we show that fluxes measured in the Congo Basin were lower than fluxes measured in the Neotropics, and in the tropical forests of Australia and South East Asia. In addition, we show that despite different climatic conditions, average annual N2O fluxes in the Congo Basin's lowland forests (0.97 +/- 0.53 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)) were comparable to those in its montane forest (0.88 +/- 0.97 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Measurements of soil pore air N2O isotope data at multiple depths suggests that a microbial reduction of N2O to N-2 within the soil may account for the observed low surface N2O fluxes and low soil pore N2O concentrations. The potential for microbial reduction is corroborated by a significant abundance and expression of the gene nosZ in soil samples from both study sites. Although isotopic and functional gene analyses indicate an enzymatic potential for complete denitrification, combined gaseous N-losses (N2O, N-2) are unlikely to account for the missing N-sink in these forests. Other N-losses such as NO, N-2 via Feammox or hydrological particulate organic nitrogen export could play an important role in soils of the Congo Basin and should be the focus of future research.}},
  author       = {{Gallarotti, Nora and Barthel, Matti and Verhoeven, Elizabeth and Pereira, Engil Isadora Pujol and Bauters, Marijn and Baumgartner, Simon and Drake, Travis W. and Boeckx, Pascal and Mohn, Joachim and Longepierre, Manon and Mugula, John Kalume and Ahanamungu Makelele, Isaac and Ntaboba, Landry Cizungu and Six, Johan}},
  issn         = {{1751-7362}},
  journal      = {{ISME JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{Ecology,Evolution,Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology,NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS,DENITRIFYING BACTERIA,RAIN-FOREST,NOSZ GENES,NITRIFIER DENITRIFICATION,AMAZON FOREST,RIBOSOMAL-RNA,TIME-SERIES,LOSSES,NITRIFICATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{11}},
  pages        = {{3357--3374}},
  title        = {{In-depth analysis of N2O fluxes in tropical forest soils of the Congo Basin combining isotope and functional gene analysis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01004-x}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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