@article{8730942,
  abstract     = {{In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers' psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level and beyond economic disparities at the societal level. These findings show the importance of egalitarian values and gender equality and their paradoxical effect when inequalities are still present in specific areas as parenting. This study reveals the crucial need to act not only at the micro level but also at the macro level to promote gender equality in parenting and prevent parental burnout.}},
  author       = {{Roskam, Isabelle and Gallée, Laura and Aguiar, Joyce and Akgun, Ege and Arena, Andrew and Arikan, Gizem and Aunola, Kaisa and Bader, Michel and Barham, Elizabeth J. and Besson, Eliane and Beyers, Wim and Boujut, Emilie and Brianda, Maria Elena and Brytek-Matera, Anna and Carbonneau, Noémie and César, Filipa and Chen, Bin-Bin and Dorard, Géraldine and dos Santos Elias, Luciana  Carla and Dunsmuir, Sandra and Egorova, Natalia and Favez, Nicolas and Fontaine, Anne-Marie and Foran, Heather and Fricke, Julia and Furutani, Kaichiro and Gannagé, Myrna and Gaspar, Maria and Godbout, Lucie and Goldenberg, Amit and Gross, James J. and Gurza, Maria Ancuta and Hashmi, Muhammad Aamir and Helmy, Mai and Huynh, Mai Trang and Kaneza, Emerence and Kawamoto, Taishi and Kellou, Nassima and Knezevic, Goran and Lazarevic, Ljiljana B. and Le Vigouroux, Sarah and Lebert-Charron, Astrid and Leme, Vanessa and Lin, Gao-Xian and MacCann, Carolyn and Manrique-Millones, Denisse and Matias, Marisa and Miranda-Orrego, María Isabel and Miscioscia, Marina and Morgades-Bamba, Clara and Mousavi, Seyyedeh Fatemeh and Moutassem-Mimouni, Badra and Muntean, Ana and Murphy, Hugh and Ndayizigiye, Alexis and Tenkue, Josué Ngnombouowo and Olderbak, Sally and Ornawka, Sophie and Oyarce-Cadiz, Daniela and Pérez-Díaz, Pablo A. and Petrides, Konstantinos V. and Pineda-Marin, Claudia and Prikhidko, Alena and Salinas-Quiroz, Fernando and Sánchez-Rodríguez, Raquel and Sarrionandia, Ainize and Scola, Céline and Simonelli, Alessandra and Soenens, Bart and Sorbring, Emma and Sorkkila, Matilda and Schrooyen, Charlotte and Stănculescu, Elena and Starchenkova, Elena and Szczygiel, Dorota and Tri, Thi Minh Thuy and Tremblay, Mélissa and Ustundag-Budak, A. Meltem and Pacheco, Maday Valdés and van Bakel, Hedwig and Verhofstadt, Lesley and Wendland, Jaqueline and Yotanyamaneewong, Saengduean and Mikolajczak, Moïra}},
  issn         = {{0022-0221}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{General Medicine,egalitarian values,gender equality paradox,culture,parental burnout,family policies,FIT INDEXES,FAMILY,EUROPE,WORK}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{157--178}},
  title        = {{Gender equality and maternal burnout : a 40-country study}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211072813}},
  volume       = {{53}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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