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The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits

Ye Ai, Zhen Li (UGent) , Wei-Hong Sun, Juan Chen, Diyang Zhang, Liang Ma, Qing-Hua Zhang, Ming-Kun Chen, Qing-Dong Zheng, Jiang-Feng Liu, et al.
(2021) HORTICULTURE RESEARCH. 8(1).
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Abstract
The marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of angiosperms. The genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation, floral morphology, and flower scent traits. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium (Jianlan) is presented. Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. ensifolium has experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, the most recent of which was shared by all orchids, while the older event was the tau event shared by most monocots. The results of MADS-box genes analysis provided support for establishing a unique gene model of orchid flower development regulation, and flower shape mutations in C. ensifolium were shown to be associated with the abnormal expression of MADS-box genes. The most abundant floral scent components identified included methyl jasmonate, acacia alcohol and linalool, and the genes involved in the floral scent component network of C. ensifolium were determined. Furthermore, the decreased expression of photosynthesis-antennae and photosynthesis metabolic pathway genes in leaves was shown to result in colorful striped leaves, while the increased expression of MADS-box genes in leaves led to perianth-like leaves. Our results provide fundamental insights into orchid evolution and diversification.
Keywords
Horticulture, Plant Science, Genetics, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, MADS-BOX GENES, PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR, PREDICTION, ALIGNMENT, SEQUENCE, PROGRAM, IDENTIFICATION, DATABASE, TOPHAT

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MLA
Ai, Ye, et al. “The Cymbidium Genome Reveals the Evolution of Unique Morphological Traits.” HORTICULTURE RESEARCH, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021, doi:10.1038/s41438-021-00683-z.
APA
Ai, Y., Li, Z., Sun, W.-H., Chen, J., Zhang, D., Ma, L., … Liu, Z.-J. (2021). The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00683-z
Chicago author-date
Ai, Ye, Zhen Li, Wei-Hong Sun, Juan Chen, Diyang Zhang, Liang Ma, Qing-Hua Zhang, et al. 2021. “The Cymbidium Genome Reveals the Evolution of Unique Morphological Traits.” HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00683-z.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Ai, Ye, Zhen Li, Wei-Hong Sun, Juan Chen, Diyang Zhang, Liang Ma, Qing-Hua Zhang, Ming-Kun Chen, Qing-Dong Zheng, Jiang-Feng Liu, Yu-Ting Jiang, Bai-Jun Li, Xuedie Liu, Xin-Yu Xu, Xia Yu, Yu Zheng, Xing-Yu Liao, Zhuang Zhou, Jie-Yu Wang, Zhi-Wen Wang, Tai-Xiang Xie, Shan-Hu Ma, Jie Zhou, Yu-Jie Ke, Yu-Zhen Zhou, Hsiang-Chia Lu, Ke-Wei Liu, Feng-Xi Yang, Gen-Fa Zhu, Laiqiang Huang, Dong-Hui Peng, Shi-Pin Chen, Siren Lan, Yves Van de Peer, and Zhong-Jian Liu. 2021. “The Cymbidium Genome Reveals the Evolution of Unique Morphological Traits.” HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 8 (1). doi:10.1038/s41438-021-00683-z.
Vancouver
1.
Ai Y, Li Z, Sun W-H, Chen J, Zhang D, Ma L, et al. The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH. 2021;8(1).
IEEE
[1]
Y. Ai et al., “The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits,” HORTICULTURE RESEARCH, vol. 8, no. 1, 2021.
@article{8730941,
  abstract     = {{The marvelously diverse Orchidaceae constitutes the largest family of angiosperms. The genus Cymbidium in Orchidaceae is well known for its unique vegetation, floral morphology, and flower scent traits. Here, a chromosome-scale assembly of the genome of Cymbidium ensifolium (Jianlan) is presented. Comparative genomic analysis showed that C. ensifolium has experienced two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, the most recent of which was shared by all orchids, while the older event was the tau event shared by most monocots. The results of MADS-box genes analysis provided support for establishing a unique gene model of orchid flower development regulation, and flower shape mutations in C. ensifolium were shown to be associated with the abnormal expression of MADS-box genes. The most abundant floral scent components identified included methyl jasmonate, acacia alcohol and linalool, and the genes involved in the floral scent component network of C. ensifolium were determined. Furthermore, the decreased expression of photosynthesis-antennae and photosynthesis metabolic pathway genes in leaves was shown to result in colorful striped leaves, while the increased expression of MADS-box genes in leaves led to perianth-like leaves. Our results provide fundamental insights into orchid evolution and diversification.}},
  articleno    = {{255}},
  author       = {{Ai, Ye and Li, Zhen and Sun, Wei-Hong and Chen, Juan and Zhang, Diyang and Ma, Liang and Zhang, Qing-Hua and Chen, Ming-Kun and Zheng, Qing-Dong and Liu, Jiang-Feng and Jiang, Yu-Ting and Li, Bai-Jun and Liu, Xuedie and Xu, Xin-Yu and Yu, Xia and Zheng, Yu and Liao, Xing-Yu and Zhou, Zhuang and Wang, Jie-Yu and Wang, Zhi-Wen and Xie, Tai-Xiang and Ma, Shan-Hu and Zhou, Jie and Ke, Yu-Jie and Zhou, Yu-Zhen and Lu, Hsiang-Chia and Liu, Ke-Wei and Yang, Feng-Xi and Zhu, Gen-Fa and Huang, Laiqiang and Peng, Dong-Hui and Chen, Shi-Pin and Lan, Siren and Van de Peer, Yves and Liu, Zhong-Jian}},
  issn         = {{2662-6810}},
  journal      = {{HORTICULTURE RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Horticulture,Plant Science,Genetics,Biochemistry,Biotechnology,MADS-BOX GENES,PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS,TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR,PREDICTION,ALIGNMENT,SEQUENCE,PROGRAM,IDENTIFICATION,DATABASE,TOPHAT}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{The Cymbidium genome reveals the evolution of unique morphological traits}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-021-00683-z}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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