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Applying contextual integrity to digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals during COVID-19

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Abstract
To control and minimise the spread of COVID-19, various technological solutions have been proposed. In this research, we focus on digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals. We conducted an online survey in Flanders (N = 1708) to investigate the perceived appropriateness of these systems based on the Contextual Integrity framework, as developed by Nissenbaum [1]. For digital contact tracing, significant differences were found between the appropriateness of using various types of data for different goals. Precise individual location data (i.e. GPS) was considered to be least appropriate and much less appropriate than proximity data (i.e. Bluetooth) or coarser location data (i.e. GSM). Goals for digital contact tracing with a high individual impact were considered to be less appropriate than goals with a low individual or societal impact. In addition, the data showed that respondents would find the usage of digital contact tracing to be less appropriate after the pandemic, underlining the temporality of this technological solution. For automated triage, the results indicated that gender is perceived to be significantly less appropriate than the other types of data, including age, to determine the priority of treatment.
Keywords
BIG DATA, INFORMATION, Survey, Contextual integrity, Privacy, Contact tracing, Automated, triage, COVID-19

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MLA
Martens, Marijn, et al. “Applying Contextual Integrity to Digital Contact Tracing and Automated Triage for Hospitals during COVID-19.” TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY, vol. 67, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101748.
APA
Martens, M., De Wolf, R., Vandendriessche, K., Evens, T., & De Marez, L. (2021). Applying contextual integrity to digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals during COVID-19. TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101748
Chicago author-date
Martens, Marijn, Ralf De Wolf, Karel Vandendriessche, Tom Evens, and Lieven De Marez. 2021. “Applying Contextual Integrity to Digital Contact Tracing and Automated Triage for Hospitals during COVID-19.” TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101748.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Martens, Marijn, Ralf De Wolf, Karel Vandendriessche, Tom Evens, and Lieven De Marez. 2021. “Applying Contextual Integrity to Digital Contact Tracing and Automated Triage for Hospitals during COVID-19.” TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 67. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101748.
Vancouver
1.
Martens M, De Wolf R, Vandendriessche K, Evens T, De Marez L. Applying contextual integrity to digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals during COVID-19. TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY. 2021;67.
IEEE
[1]
M. Martens, R. De Wolf, K. Vandendriessche, T. Evens, and L. De Marez, “Applying contextual integrity to digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals during COVID-19,” TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY, vol. 67, 2021.
@article{8726480,
  abstract     = {{To control and minimise the spread of COVID-19, various technological solutions have been proposed. In this research, we focus on digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals. We conducted an online survey in Flanders (N = 1708) to investigate the perceived appropriateness of these systems based on the Contextual Integrity framework, as developed by Nissenbaum [1]. For digital contact tracing, significant differences were found between the appropriateness of using various types of data for different goals. Precise individual location data (i.e. GPS) was considered to be least appropriate and much less appropriate than proximity data (i.e. Bluetooth) or coarser location data (i.e. GSM). Goals for digital contact tracing with a high individual impact were considered to be less appropriate than goals with a low individual or societal impact. In addition, the data showed that respondents would find the usage of digital contact tracing to be less appropriate after the pandemic, underlining the temporality of this technological solution. For automated triage, the results indicated that gender is perceived to be significantly less appropriate than the other types of data, including age, to determine the priority of treatment.}},
  articleno    = {{101748}},
  author       = {{Martens, Marijn and De Wolf, Ralf and Vandendriessche, Karel and Evens, Tom and De Marez, Lieven}},
  issn         = {{0160-791X}},
  journal      = {{TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY}},
  keywords     = {{BIG DATA,INFORMATION,Survey,Contextual integrity,Privacy,Contact tracing,Automated,triage,COVID-19}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Applying contextual integrity to digital contact tracing and automated triage for hospitals during COVID-19}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101748}},
  volume       = {{67}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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