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Regional patterning in tail vertebral form and function in chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)

Allison Luger, Peter J Watson, Hugo Dutel, Michael J Fagan, Luc Van Hoorebeke (UGent) , Anthony Herrel (UGent) and Dominique Adriaens (UGent)
(2021) INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY. 61(2). p.455-463
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Abstract
Synopsis Previous studies have focused on documenting shape variation in the caudal vertebrae in chameleons underlying prehensile tail function. The goal of this study was to test the impact of this variation on tail function using multibody dynamic analysis (MDA). First, observations from dissections and 3D reconstructions generated from contrast-enhanced mu CT scans were used to document regional variation in arrangement of the caudal muscles along the antero-posterior axis. Using MDA, we then tested the effect of vertebral shape geometry on biomechanical function. To address this question, four different MDA models were built: those with a distal vertebral shape and with either a distal or proximal musculature, and reciprocally the proximal vertebral shape with either the proximal or distal musculature. For each muscle configuration, we calculated the force required in each muscle group for the muscle force to balance an arbitrary external force applied to the model. The results showed that the models with a distal-type of musculature are the most efficient, regardless of vertebral shape. Our models also showed that the m. ilio-caudalis pars dorsalis is least efficient when combining the proximal vertebral shape and distal musculature, highlighting the importance of the length of the transverse process in combination with the lever-moment arm onto which muscle force is exerted. This initial model inevitably has a number of simplifications and assumptions, however its purpose is not to predict in vivo forces, but instead reveals the importance of vertebral shape and muscular arrangement on the total force the tail can generate, thus providing a better understanding of the biomechanical significance of the regional variations on tail grasping performance in chameleons.
Keywords
Zoology, chamaeleon, prehensile tail, multibody dynamic analysis, FINITE-ELEMENT, MUSCLE, PREHENSILITY

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MLA
Luger, Allison, et al. “Regional Patterning in Tail Vertebral Form and Function in Chameleons (Chamaeleo Calyptratus).” INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, 2021, pp. 455–63, doi:10.1093/icb/icab125.
APA
Luger, A., Watson, P. J., Dutel, H., Fagan, M. J., Van Hoorebeke, L., Herrel, A., & Adriaens, D. (2021). Regional patterning in tail vertebral form and function in chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus). INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, 61(2), 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab125
Chicago author-date
Luger, Allison, Peter J Watson, Hugo Dutel, Michael J Fagan, Luc Van Hoorebeke, Anthony Herrel, and Dominique Adriaens. 2021. “Regional Patterning in Tail Vertebral Form and Function in Chameleons (Chamaeleo Calyptratus).” INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY 61 (2): 455–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab125.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Luger, Allison, Peter J Watson, Hugo Dutel, Michael J Fagan, Luc Van Hoorebeke, Anthony Herrel, and Dominique Adriaens. 2021. “Regional Patterning in Tail Vertebral Form and Function in Chameleons (Chamaeleo Calyptratus).” INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY 61 (2): 455–463. doi:10.1093/icb/icab125.
Vancouver
1.
Luger A, Watson PJ, Dutel H, Fagan MJ, Van Hoorebeke L, Herrel A, et al. Regional patterning in tail vertebral form and function in chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus). INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY. 2021;61(2):455–63.
IEEE
[1]
A. Luger et al., “Regional patterning in tail vertebral form and function in chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus),” INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 455–463, 2021.
@article{8726243,
  abstract     = {{Synopsis Previous studies have focused on documenting shape variation in the caudal vertebrae in chameleons underlying prehensile tail function. The goal of this study was to test the impact of this variation on tail function using multibody dynamic analysis (MDA). First, observations from dissections and 3D reconstructions generated from contrast-enhanced mu CT scans were used to document regional variation in arrangement of the caudal muscles along the antero-posterior axis. Using MDA, we then tested the effect of vertebral shape geometry on biomechanical function. To address this question, four different MDA models were built: those with a distal vertebral shape and with either a distal or proximal musculature, and reciprocally the proximal vertebral shape with either the proximal or distal musculature. For each muscle configuration, we calculated the force required in each muscle group for the muscle force to balance an arbitrary external force applied to the model. The results showed that the models with a distal-type of musculature are the most efficient, regardless of vertebral shape. Our models also showed that the m. ilio-caudalis pars dorsalis is least efficient when combining the proximal vertebral shape and distal musculature, highlighting the importance of the length of the transverse process in combination with the lever-moment arm onto which muscle force is exerted. This initial model inevitably has a number of simplifications and assumptions, however its purpose is not to predict in vivo forces, but instead reveals the importance of vertebral shape and muscular arrangement on the total force the tail can generate, thus providing a better understanding of the biomechanical significance of the regional variations on tail grasping performance in chameleons.}},
  author       = {{Luger, Allison and Watson, Peter J and Dutel, Hugo and Fagan, Michael J and Van Hoorebeke, Luc and Herrel, Anthony and Adriaens, Dominique}},
  issn         = {{1540-7063}},
  journal      = {{INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Zoology,chamaeleon,prehensile tail,multibody dynamic analysis,FINITE-ELEMENT,MUSCLE,PREHENSILITY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  location     = {{Online}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{455--463}},
  title        = {{Regional patterning in tail vertebral form and function in chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab125}},
  volume       = {{61}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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