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Choose your own route : supporting pedestrian navigation without restricting the user to a predefined route

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Abstract
State-of-the-art mobile pedestrian navigation systems often employ GPS or other positioning methods for continuous tracking of users, and thus provide them with in-situ turn-by-turn route guidance along a desired route. However, studies have shown that user experience and acquisition of spatial knowledge decrease due to the "blind" following of such turn-by-turn navigation systems. This paper proposes a novel interface concept for mobile pedestrian navigation systems that provide navigation guidance without restricting the users to a predefined route. Specifically, the proposed novel user interface was based on the concept of the Potential Route Area (PRA), which defines a dynamic area consisting of all potential routes not longer than a certain detour the user is willing to accept. Within that area, the user can freely choose his/her own route and alter it anytime, and can still arrive at the destination within the desired detour tolerance. As a proof of concept, the proposed PRA-based system was then tested against a conventional turn-by-turn navigation system, represented by Google Maps, in a real-world navigation experiment, which revealed that the acquisition of spatial knowledge and user experience were substantially improved when using the PRA-based system. This can be explained by the fact that the PRA-based system provides its users with more freedom in choosing their own route.
Keywords
Management of Technology and Innovation, Geography, Planning and Development, Civil and Structural Engineering, Pedestrian navigation, potential route area, spatial knowledge acquisition, user experience, location based services, navigation systems, SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION, AUGMENTED REALITY, LANDMARKS, VOICE, MAPS

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MLA
Huang, Haosheng, et al. “Choose Your Own Route : Supporting Pedestrian Navigation without Restricting the User to a Predefined Route.” CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE, vol. 49, no. 2, 2022, pp. 95–114, doi:10.1080/15230406.2021.1983731.
APA
Huang, H., Mathis, T., & Weibel, R. (2022). Choose your own route : supporting pedestrian navigation without restricting the user to a predefined route. CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE, 49(2), 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2021.1983731
Chicago author-date
Huang, Haosheng, Thomas Mathis, and Robert Weibel. 2022. “Choose Your Own Route : Supporting Pedestrian Navigation without Restricting the User to a Predefined Route.” CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE 49 (2): 95–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2021.1983731.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Huang, Haosheng, Thomas Mathis, and Robert Weibel. 2022. “Choose Your Own Route : Supporting Pedestrian Navigation without Restricting the User to a Predefined Route.” CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE 49 (2): 95–114. doi:10.1080/15230406.2021.1983731.
Vancouver
1.
Huang H, Mathis T, Weibel R. Choose your own route : supporting pedestrian navigation without restricting the user to a predefined route. CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE. 2022;49(2):95–114.
IEEE
[1]
H. Huang, T. Mathis, and R. Weibel, “Choose your own route : supporting pedestrian navigation without restricting the user to a predefined route,” CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 95–114, 2022.
@article{8725426,
  abstract     = {{State-of-the-art mobile pedestrian navigation systems often employ GPS or other positioning methods for continuous tracking of users, and thus provide them with in-situ turn-by-turn route guidance along a desired route. However, studies have shown that user experience and acquisition of spatial knowledge decrease due to the "blind" following of such turn-by-turn navigation systems. This paper proposes a novel interface concept for mobile pedestrian navigation systems that provide navigation guidance without restricting the users to a predefined route. Specifically, the proposed novel user interface was based on the concept of the Potential Route Area (PRA), which defines a dynamic area consisting of all potential routes not longer than a certain detour the user is willing to accept. Within that area, the user can freely choose his/her own route and alter it anytime, and can still arrive at the destination within the desired detour tolerance. As a proof of concept, the proposed PRA-based system was then tested against a conventional turn-by-turn navigation system, represented by Google Maps, in a real-world navigation experiment, which revealed that the acquisition of spatial knowledge and user experience were substantially improved when using the PRA-based system. This can be explained by the fact that the PRA-based system provides its users with more freedom in choosing their own route.}},
  author       = {{Huang, Haosheng and Mathis, Thomas and Weibel, Robert}},
  issn         = {{1523-0406}},
  journal      = {{CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Management of Technology and Innovation,Geography,Planning and Development,Civil and Structural Engineering,Pedestrian navigation,potential route area,spatial knowledge acquisition,user experience,location based services,navigation systems,SPATIAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION,AUGMENTED REALITY,LANDMARKS,VOICE,MAPS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{95--114}},
  title        = {{Choose your own route : supporting pedestrian navigation without restricting the user to a predefined route}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2021.1983731}},
  volume       = {{49}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

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