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Why adults with psychiatric conditions request euthanasia : a qualitative interview study of life experiences, motives and preventive factors

Monica Verhofstadt (UGent) , Koen Pardon (UGent) , Kurt Audenaert (UGent) , Luc Deliens (UGent) , Freddy Mortier (UGent) , Axel Liégeois and Kenneth Chambaere (UGent)
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Abstract
Objective: As the empirical picture of adults with psychiatric conditions (further referred to as 'patients') requesting euthanasia is still incomplete, this study aims to deepen our understanding of why these patients request euthanasia, how this relates to the option of suicide, and what could have prevented these patients from considering death and requesting euthanasia. Methods: A qualitative study using in-depth, face-to-face interviews was conducted with 16 patients who had their euthanasia request under assessment in the period 2016-2020. Thematic coding was used. Findings: Most patients were in a state of feeling emotionally worn-out as a result of the many accumulated misfortunes and setbacks, leading to the all-pervasive sense that life is no longer worth living. Whereas some patients reported lifelong adversity, others struggled predominantly in later life. Whereas some patients longed for death strongly, others expressed ambivalence towards death ideation, and some even requested euthanasia to hear of their ineligibility for it, to restore hope and to (re)find meaning in life. patients valued euthanasia over suicide as being more dignified and acceptable, both for themselves and for their inner circle. With regard to preventive factors, patients posited the need for improved accessibility and quality of mental healthcare, as well as a profound change in society's perception of, and support for, these patients. Conclusions: This study revealed the many complexities of euthanasia in the context of psychiatry, due to the many differences in patients' background characteristics, in their motives for requesting euthanasia, and the multi-layered aspects of mental suffering that go beyond the field of psychiatry.
Keywords
Biological Psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Euthanasia, Mental disorders, End-of-life decisions, Assisted suicide, Psychiatry, SUICIDAL IDEATION, MENTAL-DISORDERS, ASSISTED SUICIDE, DEMORALIZATION, DEPRESSION, GUIDELINES, DESIRE, DEATH, RISK

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MLA
Verhofstadt, Monica, et al. “Why Adults with Psychiatric Conditions Request Euthanasia : A Qualitative Interview Study of Life Experiences, Motives and Preventive Factors.” JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, vol. 144, 2021, pp. 158–67, doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.032.
APA
Verhofstadt, M., Pardon, K., Audenaert, K., Deliens, L., Mortier, F., Liégeois, A., & Chambaere, K. (2021). Why adults with psychiatric conditions request euthanasia : a qualitative interview study of life experiences, motives and preventive factors. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, 144, 158–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.032
Chicago author-date
Verhofstadt, Monica, Koen Pardon, Kurt Audenaert, Luc Deliens, Freddy Mortier, Axel Liégeois, and Kenneth Chambaere. 2021. “Why Adults with Psychiatric Conditions Request Euthanasia : A Qualitative Interview Study of Life Experiences, Motives and Preventive Factors.” JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH 144: 158–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.032.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Verhofstadt, Monica, Koen Pardon, Kurt Audenaert, Luc Deliens, Freddy Mortier, Axel Liégeois, and Kenneth Chambaere. 2021. “Why Adults with Psychiatric Conditions Request Euthanasia : A Qualitative Interview Study of Life Experiences, Motives and Preventive Factors.” JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH 144: 158–167. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.032.
Vancouver
1.
Verhofstadt M, Pardon K, Audenaert K, Deliens L, Mortier F, Liégeois A, et al. Why adults with psychiatric conditions request euthanasia : a qualitative interview study of life experiences, motives and preventive factors. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH. 2021;144:158–67.
IEEE
[1]
M. Verhofstadt et al., “Why adults with psychiatric conditions request euthanasia : a qualitative interview study of life experiences, motives and preventive factors,” JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, vol. 144, pp. 158–167, 2021.
@article{8722906,
  abstract     = {{Objective: As the empirical picture of adults with psychiatric conditions (further referred to as 'patients') requesting euthanasia is still incomplete, this study aims to deepen our understanding of why these patients request euthanasia, how this relates to the option of suicide, and what could have prevented these patients from considering death and requesting euthanasia. Methods: A qualitative study using in-depth, face-to-face interviews was conducted with 16 patients who had their euthanasia request under assessment in the period 2016-2020. Thematic coding was used. Findings: Most patients were in a state of feeling emotionally worn-out as a result of the many accumulated misfortunes and setbacks, leading to the all-pervasive sense that life is no longer worth living. Whereas some patients reported lifelong adversity, others struggled predominantly in later life. Whereas some patients longed for death strongly, others expressed ambivalence towards death ideation, and some even requested euthanasia to hear of their ineligibility for it, to restore hope and to (re)find meaning in life. patients valued euthanasia over suicide as being more dignified and acceptable, both for themselves and for their inner circle. With regard to preventive factors, patients posited the need for improved accessibility and quality of mental healthcare, as well as a profound change in society's perception of, and support for, these patients. Conclusions: This study revealed the many complexities of euthanasia in the context of psychiatry, due to the many differences in patients' background characteristics, in their motives for requesting euthanasia, and the multi-layered aspects of mental suffering that go beyond the field of psychiatry.}},
  author       = {{Verhofstadt, Monica and Pardon, Koen and Audenaert, Kurt and Deliens, Luc and Mortier, Freddy and Liégeois, Axel and Chambaere, Kenneth}},
  issn         = {{0022-3956}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Biological Psychiatry,Psychiatry and Mental health,Euthanasia,Mental disorders,End-of-life decisions,Assisted suicide,Psychiatry,SUICIDAL IDEATION,MENTAL-DISORDERS,ASSISTED SUICIDE,DEMORALIZATION,DEPRESSION,GUIDELINES,DESIRE,DEATH,RISK}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{158--167}},
  title        = {{Why adults with psychiatric conditions request euthanasia : a qualitative interview study of life experiences, motives and preventive factors}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.032}},
  volume       = {{144}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}

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