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Functional signals and covariation in triquetrum and hamate shape of extant primates using 3D geometric morphometrics

Marie J. M. Vanhoof, Lorenzo Galletta, Isabelle De Groote (UGent) and Evie E. Vereecke
(2021) JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY. 282(9). p.1382-1401
Author
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Abstract
In this study, we want to investigate the covariation in the shape of two carpal bones, the triquetrum and hamate, and the possible association with locomotor behavior in a broad range of primate taxa. We applied 3D Geometric Morphometrics on a large data set comprising 309 anthropoid primates of 12 different genera. Principal component analyses were performed on the covariance matrix of 18 (triquetrum) and 23 (hamate) Procrustes-aligned surface landmarks. A two-block partial least square analysis was done to test the covariance between triquetrum and hamate shape, without relying on the predictive models implicit in regression analyses. The results show that the carpal shape of quadrupedal anthropoids, which mainly use their wrist under compressive conditions, differs from that of suspensory primates as their wrist is possibly subjected to tensile and torsional forces. Within the hominids, differences in shape also distinguish more terrestrial from more arboreal species. Even within the great apes, we are able to capture shape differences between species of the same genus. In combination with behavioral and biomechanical studies, the results of this research can be used to establish form-function relationships of the primate hand which will aid the functional interpretation of primate fossil remains.
Keywords
Developmental Biology, Animal Science and Zoology, carpal, hand, locomotion, morphology, wrist, LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR, KNUCKLE-WALKING, HAND POSTURES, WRIST JOINT, BRACHIATING ADAPTATIONS, QUADRUPEDAL PRIMATES, MACACA-FASCICULARIS, ARTICULAR SURFACE, MOUNTAIN GORILLAS, ATELES-GEOFFROYI

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MLA
Vanhoof, Marie J. M., et al. “Functional Signals and Covariation in Triquetrum and Hamate Shape of Extant Primates Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics.” JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, vol. 282, no. 9, 2021, pp. 1382–401, doi:10.1002/jmor.21393.
APA
Vanhoof, M. J. M., Galletta, L., De Groote, I., & Vereecke, E. E. (2021). Functional signals and covariation in triquetrum and hamate shape of extant primates using 3D geometric morphometrics. JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, 282(9), 1382–1401. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21393
Chicago author-date
Vanhoof, Marie J. M., Lorenzo Galletta, Isabelle De Groote, and Evie E. Vereecke. 2021. “Functional Signals and Covariation in Triquetrum and Hamate Shape of Extant Primates Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics.” JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 282 (9): 1382–1401. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21393.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vanhoof, Marie J. M., Lorenzo Galletta, Isabelle De Groote, and Evie E. Vereecke. 2021. “Functional Signals and Covariation in Triquetrum and Hamate Shape of Extant Primates Using 3D Geometric Morphometrics.” JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY 282 (9): 1382–1401. doi:10.1002/jmor.21393.
Vancouver
1.
Vanhoof MJM, Galletta L, De Groote I, Vereecke EE. Functional signals and covariation in triquetrum and hamate shape of extant primates using 3D geometric morphometrics. JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY. 2021;282(9):1382–401.
IEEE
[1]
M. J. M. Vanhoof, L. Galletta, I. De Groote, and E. E. Vereecke, “Functional signals and covariation in triquetrum and hamate shape of extant primates using 3D geometric morphometrics,” JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, vol. 282, no. 9, pp. 1382–1401, 2021.
@article{8720523,
  abstract     = {{In this study, we want to investigate the covariation in the shape of two carpal bones, the triquetrum and hamate, and the possible association with locomotor behavior in a broad range of primate taxa. We applied 3D Geometric Morphometrics on a large data set comprising 309 anthropoid primates of 12 different genera. Principal component analyses were performed on the covariance matrix of 18 (triquetrum) and 23 (hamate) Procrustes-aligned surface landmarks. A two-block partial least square analysis was done to test the covariance between triquetrum and hamate shape, without relying on the predictive models implicit in regression analyses. The results show that the carpal shape of quadrupedal anthropoids, which mainly use their wrist under compressive conditions, differs from that of suspensory primates as their wrist is possibly subjected to tensile and torsional forces. Within the hominids, differences in shape also distinguish more terrestrial from more arboreal species. Even within the great apes, we are able to capture shape differences between species of the same genus. In combination with behavioral and biomechanical studies, the results of this research can be used to establish form-function relationships of the primate hand which will aid the functional interpretation of primate fossil remains.}},
  author       = {{Vanhoof, Marie J. M. and Galletta, Lorenzo and De Groote, Isabelle and Vereecke, Evie E.}},
  issn         = {{0362-2525}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY}},
  keywords     = {{Developmental Biology,Animal Science and Zoology,carpal,hand,locomotion,morphology,wrist,LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOR,KNUCKLE-WALKING,HAND POSTURES,WRIST JOINT,BRACHIATING ADAPTATIONS,QUADRUPEDAL PRIMATES,MACACA-FASCICULARIS,ARTICULAR SURFACE,MOUNTAIN GORILLAS,ATELES-GEOFFROYI}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{1382--1401}},
  title        = {{Functional signals and covariation in triquetrum and hamate shape of extant primates using 3D geometric morphometrics}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21393}},
  volume       = {{282}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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