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Motherhood in Europe : an examination of parental leave regulations and breastfeeding policy influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration

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Abstract
This study examines how European variation in breastfeeding initiation and duration rates is related to the presence of baby-friendly hospitals, the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes, and different constellations of maternal, paternal, and parental leave. We use Eurobarometer data (2005) to compare initiation and duration levels across 21 European countries within a multilevel regression framework. We find that countries play a significant role in determining breastfeeding through their different social policies. Breastfeeding practices across different leave regulation models differ substantially. We conclude that ongoing changes in paid maternity and parental leave length combined with uptake flexibility and paternal involvement help determine breastfeeding rates and should put infant feeding issues on governmental policy agendas across European countries.
Keywords
MATERNITY LEAVE, SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, INTERNATIONAL CODE, MILK, SUBSTITUTES, LOW-INCOME, WORK, SUPPORT, IMPACT, EDUCATION, GENDER, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding duration, social policy in, Europe, maternity, paternity, and parental leave, baby-friendly, hospitals, international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes

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MLA
Vanderlinden, Karen, et al. “Motherhood in Europe : An Examination of Parental Leave Regulations and Breastfeeding Policy Influences on Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration.” SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL, vol. 9, no. 12, 2020, doi:10.3390/socsci9120222.
APA
Vanderlinden, K., Buffel, V., Van de Putte, B., & Van de Velde, S. (2020). Motherhood in Europe : an examination of parental leave regulations and breastfeeding policy influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9120222
Chicago author-date
Vanderlinden, Karen, Veerle Buffel, Bart Van de Putte, and Sarah Van de Velde. 2020. “Motherhood in Europe : An Examination of Parental Leave Regulations and Breastfeeding Policy Influences on Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration.” SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 9 (12). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9120222.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Vanderlinden, Karen, Veerle Buffel, Bart Van de Putte, and Sarah Van de Velde. 2020. “Motherhood in Europe : An Examination of Parental Leave Regulations and Breastfeeding Policy Influences on Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration.” SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 9 (12). doi:10.3390/socsci9120222.
Vancouver
1.
Vanderlinden K, Buffel V, Van de Putte B, Van de Velde S. Motherhood in Europe : an examination of parental leave regulations and breastfeeding policy influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL. 2020;9(12).
IEEE
[1]
K. Vanderlinden, V. Buffel, B. Van de Putte, and S. Van de Velde, “Motherhood in Europe : an examination of parental leave regulations and breastfeeding policy influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration,” SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL, vol. 9, no. 12, 2020.
@article{8719958,
  abstract     = {{This study examines how European variation in breastfeeding initiation and duration rates is related to the presence of baby-friendly hospitals, the international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes, and different constellations of maternal, paternal, and parental leave. We use Eurobarometer data (2005) to compare initiation and duration levels across 21 European countries within a multilevel regression framework. We find that countries play a significant role in determining breastfeeding through their different social policies. Breastfeeding practices across different leave regulation models differ substantially. We conclude that ongoing changes in paid maternity and parental leave length combined with uptake flexibility and paternal involvement help determine breastfeeding rates and should put infant feeding issues on governmental policy agendas across European countries.}},
  articleno    = {{222}},
  author       = {{Vanderlinden, Karen and Buffel, Veerle and Van de Putte, Bart and Van de Velde, Sarah}},
  issn         = {{2076-0760}},
  journal      = {{SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL}},
  keywords     = {{MATERNITY LEAVE,SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS,INTERNATIONAL CODE,MILK,SUBSTITUTES,LOW-INCOME,WORK,SUPPORT,IMPACT,EDUCATION,GENDER,breastfeeding initiation,breastfeeding duration,social policy in,Europe,maternity,paternity,and parental leave,baby-friendly,hospitals,international code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{12}},
  pages        = {{22}},
  title        = {{Motherhood in Europe : an examination of parental leave regulations and breastfeeding policy influences on breastfeeding initiation and duration}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9120222}},
  volume       = {{9}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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