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Effect of non-instructed instrumental contingency of monetary reward and positive affect in a cognitive control task

Arthur Prével (UGent) , Vincent Hoofs (UGent) and Ruth Krebs (UGent)
(2021) ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE. 8(8).
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Abstract
In recent years, we observed a strong interest in the influence of motivation and emotion on cognitive control. Prior studies suggest that the instrumental contingency between a response and a rewarding or affective stimulus is particularly important in that context-which is resonating with observations in the associative learning literature. However, despite this overlap, and the relevance of non-instructed learning in real life, the vast majority of studies investigating motivation-cognition interactions use direct instructions to inform participants about the contingencies between responses and stimuli. Thus, there is little experimental insight regarding how humans detect non-instructed contingencies between their actions and motivational or affective outcomes, and how these learned contingencies come to influence cognitive control processes. In an attempt to close this gap, the goal of the present study was to test the effect of non-instructed contingent and non-contingent outcomes (i.e. monetary reward and positive affective stimuli) on cognitive control using the AX-continuous performance task (AX-CPT) paradigm. We found that entirely non-instructed contingencies between responses and positive outcomes (both monetary and affective ones) led to significant performance improvement. The present results open new perspectives for studying the influence of motivation and emotion on cognitive control at the insertion with associative learning.
Keywords
Multidisciplinary, associative learning, cognitive control, instrumental contingency, positive affect, reward, ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX, PERFORMANCE, CONFLICT, MOTIVATION, EXTINCTION, MECHANISMS, BEHAVIOR, VARIABILITY, MAINTENANCE, VALENCE

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MLA
Prével, Arthur, et al. “Effect of Non-Instructed Instrumental Contingency of Monetary Reward and Positive Affect in a Cognitive Control Task.” ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE, vol. 8, no. 8, 2021, doi:10.1098/rsos.202002.
APA
Prével, A., Hoofs, V., & Krebs, R. (2021). Effect of non-instructed instrumental contingency of monetary reward and positive affect in a cognitive control task. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202002
Chicago author-date
Prével, Arthur, Vincent Hoofs, and Ruth Krebs. 2021. “Effect of Non-Instructed Instrumental Contingency of Monetary Reward and Positive Affect in a Cognitive Control Task.” ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 8 (8). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202002.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Prével, Arthur, Vincent Hoofs, and Ruth Krebs. 2021. “Effect of Non-Instructed Instrumental Contingency of Monetary Reward and Positive Affect in a Cognitive Control Task.” ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 8 (8). doi:10.1098/rsos.202002.
Vancouver
1.
Prével A, Hoofs V, Krebs R. Effect of non-instructed instrumental contingency of monetary reward and positive affect in a cognitive control task. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE. 2021;8(8).
IEEE
[1]
A. Prével, V. Hoofs, and R. Krebs, “Effect of non-instructed instrumental contingency of monetary reward and positive affect in a cognitive control task,” ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE, vol. 8, no. 8, 2021.
@article{8718552,
  abstract     = {{In recent years, we observed a strong interest in the influence of motivation and emotion on cognitive control. Prior studies suggest that the instrumental contingency between a response and a rewarding or affective stimulus is particularly important in that context-which is resonating with observations in the associative learning literature. However, despite this overlap, and the relevance of non-instructed learning in real life, the vast majority of studies investigating motivation-cognition interactions use direct instructions to inform participants about the contingencies between responses and stimuli. Thus, there is little experimental insight regarding how humans detect non-instructed contingencies between their actions and motivational or affective outcomes, and how these learned contingencies come to influence cognitive control processes. In an attempt to close this gap, the goal of the present study was to test the effect of non-instructed contingent and non-contingent outcomes (i.e. monetary reward and positive affective stimuli) on cognitive control using the AX-continuous performance task (AX-CPT) paradigm. We found that entirely non-instructed contingencies between responses and positive outcomes (both monetary and affective ones) led to significant performance improvement. The present results open new perspectives for studying the influence of motivation and emotion on cognitive control at the insertion with associative learning.}},
  articleno    = {{202002}},
  author       = {{Prével, Arthur and Hoofs, Vincent and Krebs, Ruth}},
  issn         = {{2054-5703}},
  journal      = {{ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE}},
  keywords     = {{Multidisciplinary,associative learning,cognitive control,instrumental contingency,positive affect,reward,ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX,PERFORMANCE,CONFLICT,MOTIVATION,EXTINCTION,MECHANISMS,BEHAVIOR,VARIABILITY,MAINTENANCE,VALENCE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{8}},
  pages        = {{15}},
  title        = {{Effect of non-instructed instrumental contingency of monetary reward and positive affect in a cognitive control task}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202002}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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