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Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018

Lisa Van Wilder (UGent) , Rana Charafeddine, Philippe Beutels, Robin Bruyndonckx, Irina Cleemput, Stefaan Demarest, Delphine De Smedt (UGent) , Niel Hens, Aline Scohy, Niko Speybroeck, et al.
(2022) QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH. 31(2). p.527-537
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Abstract
Purpose. Health-related quality of life outcomes are increasingly used to monitor population health and health inequalities and to assess the (cost-) effectiveness of health interventions. The EQ-5D-5L has been included in the Belgian Health Interview Survey, providing a new source of population-based self-perceived health status information. This study aims to estimate Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L by sex, age, and region and to analyze its association with educational attainment. Methods. The BHIS 2018 provided EQ-5D-5L data for a nationally representative sample of the Belgian population. The dimension scores and index values were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions, respectively, accounting for the survey design. Results. More than half of respondents reported problems of pain/discomfort, while over a quarter reported problems of anxiety/depression. The average index value was 0.84. Women reported more problems on all dimensions, but particularly on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort, resulting in significantly lower index values. Problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities showed a sharp increase after the age of 80 years. Consequently, index values decreased significantly by age. Lower education was associated with a higher prevalence of problems for all dimensions except anxiety/depression and with a significantly lower index value. Conclusion. This paper presents the first nationally representative Belgian population norms using the EQ-5D-5L. Inclusion of the EQ-5D in future surveys will allow monitoring over time of self-reported health, disease burden, and health inequalities.
Keywords
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health-related quality of life, Health inequalities, Health interview survey, Health status, Multi-attribute utility instrument, EQ-5D, Visual analogue scale, Population norms, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, DATA RESOURCE PROFILE, NATIONAL-HEALTH, IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE, ADULTS

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MLA
Van Wilder, Lisa, et al. “Belgian Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018.” QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH, vol. 31, no. 2, 2022, pp. 527–37, doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02971-6.
APA
Van Wilder, L., Charafeddine, R., Beutels, P., Bruyndonckx, R., Cleemput, I., Demarest, S., … Devleesschauwer, B. (2022). Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018. QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH, 31(2), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02971-6
Chicago author-date
Van Wilder, Lisa, Rana Charafeddine, Philippe Beutels, Robin Bruyndonckx, Irina Cleemput, Stefaan Demarest, Delphine De Smedt, et al. 2022. “Belgian Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018.” QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH 31 (2): 527–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02971-6.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Van Wilder, Lisa, Rana Charafeddine, Philippe Beutels, Robin Bruyndonckx, Irina Cleemput, Stefaan Demarest, Delphine De Smedt, Niel Hens, Aline Scohy, Niko Speybroeck, Johan Van der Heyden, Renata T. C. Yokota, Herman Van Oyen, Joke Bilcke, and Brecht Devleesschauwer. 2022. “Belgian Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018.” QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH 31 (2): 527–537. doi:10.1007/s11136-021-02971-6.
Vancouver
1.
Van Wilder L, Charafeddine R, Beutels P, Bruyndonckx R, Cleemput I, Demarest S, et al. Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018. QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH. 2022;31(2):527–37.
IEEE
[1]
L. Van Wilder et al., “Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018,” QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 527–537, 2022.
@article{8717843,
  abstract     = {{Purpose. Health-related quality of life outcomes are increasingly used to monitor population health and health inequalities and to assess the (cost-) effectiveness of health interventions. The EQ-5D-5L has been included in the Belgian Health Interview Survey, providing a new source of population-based self-perceived health status information. This study aims to estimate Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L by sex, age, and region and to analyze its association with educational attainment.

Methods. The BHIS 2018 provided EQ-5D-5L data for a nationally representative sample of the Belgian population. The dimension scores and index values were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions, respectively, accounting for the survey design.

Results. More than half of respondents reported problems of pain/discomfort, while over a quarter reported problems of anxiety/depression. The average index value was 0.84. Women reported more problems on all dimensions, but particularly on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort, resulting in significantly lower index values. Problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities showed a sharp increase after the age of 80 years. Consequently, index values decreased significantly by age. Lower education was associated with a higher prevalence of problems for all dimensions except anxiety/depression and with a significantly lower index value.

Conclusion. This paper presents the first nationally representative Belgian population norms using the EQ-5D-5L. Inclusion of the EQ-5D in future surveys will allow monitoring over time of self-reported health, disease burden, and health inequalities.}},
  author       = {{Van Wilder, Lisa and Charafeddine, Rana and Beutels, Philippe and Bruyndonckx, Robin and Cleemput, Irina and Demarest, Stefaan and De Smedt, Delphine and Hens, Niel and Scohy, Aline and Speybroeck, Niko and Van der Heyden, Johan and Yokota, Renata T. C. and Van Oyen, Herman and Bilcke, Joke and Devleesschauwer, Brecht}},
  issn         = {{0962-9343}},
  journal      = {{QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{Public Health,Environmental and Occupational Health,Health-related quality of life,Health inequalities,Health interview survey,Health status,Multi-attribute utility instrument,EQ-5D,Visual analogue scale,Population norms,QUALITY-OF-LIFE,DATA RESOURCE PROFILE,NATIONAL-HEALTH,IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE,ADULTS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{527--537}},
  title        = {{Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02971-6}},
  volume       = {{31}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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