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Antioxidant capacity of five microalgae species and their effect on heat shock protein 70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia

Irene Kai Ru Tiong, Thilahgavani Nagappan, Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Toda Tatsuki, Woro Hastuti Satyantini, Gunanti Mahasri, Patrick Sorgeloos (UGent) and Yeong Yik Sung
(2020) AQUACULTURE REPORTS. 18.
Author
Organization
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by chemicals brings about mass mortalities in aquatic organisms and in this context, antioxidants and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) stimulating compounds represent potential alternatives to alleviate this problem during aquaculture. The antioxidant capacity and efficacies of five Malaysian indigenous microalgae, namely Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Messastrum gracile, Desmodesmus subspicatus and Parachlorella kessleri to regulate Hsp70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia, an important live food species, were examined. A. pyrenoidosa contained the highest total phenol and flavonoid content (48.3 mg GAE/g extract and 34.7 mg QE/g) across all the microalgae examined in this study, whereas the lowest occurred with C. vulgaris (24.4 mg GAE/g extract and 14.0 mg QE/g). The ferric reducing antioxidant power of A. pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris, M. gracile, D. subspicatus and P. kessleri respectively stood at 0.78, 0.62, 1.01, 0.77 and 0.68 ferrous equivalents (mM), with trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay revealed that A. pyrenoidosa possessed the highest scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL concentration. Interestingly, application of 1.0-2.0 x 10(6) cells/mL C. vulgaris, M. gracile, D. subspicatus, and P. kessleri as feed enhanced Hsp70 accumulation in Artemia, indicating that these microalgae consist stimulating compound(s) which potentially promote the synthesis of the 70-kDa stress protein in this crustacean species. Taken together, results from this study revealed that microalgae possess various antioxidant properties and coupled with their abilities to induce Hsp70, they are potential oxidative stress control alternatives in Artemia and perhaps other aquatic organisms used in aquaculture.
Keywords
Antioxidant, Microalgae, Artemia franciscana, Heat shock protein 70, Stress, HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS, HSP70 SYNTHESIS, FRANCISCANA LARVAE, CHLORELLA-VULGARIS, MEDICINAL-PLANTS, COMMON CARP, STRESS, CAROTENOIDS, AMMONIA, TEMPERATURE

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MLA
Tiong, Irene Kai Ru, et al. “Antioxidant Capacity of Five Microalgae Species and Their Effect on Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression in the Brine Shrimp Artemia.” AQUACULTURE REPORTS, vol. 18, 2020, doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100433.
APA
Tiong, I. K. R., Nagappan, T., Wahid, M. E. A., Muhammad, T. S. T., Tatsuki, T., Satyantini, W. H., … Sung, Y. Y. (2020). Antioxidant capacity of five microalgae species and their effect on heat shock protein 70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia. AQUACULTURE REPORTS, 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100433
Chicago author-date
Tiong, Irene Kai Ru, Thilahgavani Nagappan, Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Toda Tatsuki, Woro Hastuti Satyantini, Gunanti Mahasri, Patrick Sorgeloos, and Yeong Yik Sung. 2020. “Antioxidant Capacity of Five Microalgae Species and Their Effect on Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression in the Brine Shrimp Artemia.” AQUACULTURE REPORTS 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100433.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Tiong, Irene Kai Ru, Thilahgavani Nagappan, Mohd Effendy Abdul Wahid, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Toda Tatsuki, Woro Hastuti Satyantini, Gunanti Mahasri, Patrick Sorgeloos, and Yeong Yik Sung. 2020. “Antioxidant Capacity of Five Microalgae Species and Their Effect on Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression in the Brine Shrimp Artemia.” AQUACULTURE REPORTS 18. doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100433.
Vancouver
1.
Tiong IKR, Nagappan T, Wahid MEA, Muhammad TST, Tatsuki T, Satyantini WH, et al. Antioxidant capacity of five microalgae species and their effect on heat shock protein 70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia. AQUACULTURE REPORTS. 2020;18.
IEEE
[1]
I. K. R. Tiong et al., “Antioxidant capacity of five microalgae species and their effect on heat shock protein 70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia,” AQUACULTURE REPORTS, vol. 18, 2020.
@article{8698105,
  abstract     = {{Oxidative stress caused by chemicals brings about mass mortalities in aquatic organisms and in this context, antioxidants and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) stimulating compounds represent potential alternatives to alleviate this problem during aquaculture. The antioxidant capacity and efficacies of five Malaysian indigenous microalgae, namely Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa, Chlorella vulgaris, Messastrum gracile, Desmodesmus subspicatus and Parachlorella kessleri to regulate Hsp70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia, an important live food species, were examined. A. pyrenoidosa contained the highest total phenol and flavonoid content (48.3 mg GAE/g extract and 34.7 mg QE/g) across all the microalgae examined in this study, whereas the lowest occurred with C. vulgaris (24.4 mg GAE/g extract and 14.0 mg QE/g). The ferric reducing antioxidant power of A. pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris, M. gracile, D. subspicatus and P. kessleri respectively stood at 0.78, 0.62, 1.01, 0.77 and 0.68 ferrous equivalents (mM), with trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay revealed that A. pyrenoidosa possessed the highest scavenging activity at 1 mg/mL concentration. Interestingly, application of 1.0-2.0 x 10(6) cells/mL C. vulgaris, M. gracile, D. subspicatus, and P. kessleri as feed enhanced Hsp70 accumulation in Artemia, indicating that these microalgae consist stimulating compound(s) which potentially promote the synthesis of the 70-kDa stress protein in this crustacean species. Taken together, results from this study revealed that microalgae possess various antioxidant properties and coupled with their abilities to induce Hsp70, they are potential oxidative stress control alternatives in Artemia and perhaps other aquatic organisms used in aquaculture.}},
  articleno    = {{100433}},
  author       = {{Tiong, Irene Kai Ru and Nagappan, Thilahgavani and Wahid, Mohd Effendy Abdul and Muhammad, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku and Tatsuki, Toda and Satyantini, Woro Hastuti and Mahasri, Gunanti and Sorgeloos, Patrick and Sung, Yeong Yik}},
  issn         = {{2352-5134}},
  journal      = {{AQUACULTURE REPORTS}},
  keywords     = {{Antioxidant,Microalgae,Artemia franciscana,Heat shock protein 70,Stress,HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS,HSP70 SYNTHESIS,FRANCISCANA LARVAE,CHLORELLA-VULGARIS,MEDICINAL-PLANTS,COMMON CARP,STRESS,CAROTENOIDS,AMMONIA,TEMPERATURE}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{8}},
  title        = {{Antioxidant capacity of five microalgae species and their effect on heat shock protein 70 expression in the brine shrimp Artemia}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100433}},
  volume       = {{18}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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