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A low-voltage DC backbone with aggregated RES and BESS : benefits compared to a traditional low-voltage AC system

Hakim Azaioud (UGent) , Robbert Claeys (UGent) , Jos Knockaert (UGent) , Lieven Vandevelde (UGent) and Jan Desmet (UGent)
(2021) ENERGIES. 14(5).
Author
Organization
Abstract
The increasing penetration of PV into the distribution grid leads to congestion, causing detrimental power quality issues. Moreover, the multiple small photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESSs) result in increasing conversion losses. A low-voltage DC (LVDC) backbone to interconnect these assets would decrease the conversion losses and is a promising solution for a more optimal integration of PV systems. The multiple small PV systems can be replaced by shared assets with large common PV installations and a large BESS. Sharing renewable energy and aggregation are activities that are stimulated by the European Commission and lead to a substantial benefit in terms of self-consumption index (SCI) and self-sufficiency index (SSI). In this study, the benefit of an LVDC backbone is investigated compared to using a low-voltage AC (LVAC) system. It is found that the cable losses increase by 0.9 percent points and the conversion losses decrease by 12 percent points compared to the traditional low-voltage AC (LVAC) system. The SCI increases by 2 percent points and the SSI increases by 6 percent points compared to using an LVAC system with shared meter. It is shown that an LVDC backbone is only beneficial with a PV penetration level of 65% and that the BESS can be reduced by 22% for the same SSI.
Keywords
LVDC, self-sufficiency index, load aggregation, power converters, photovoltaic, efficiency

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MLA
Azaioud, Hakim, et al. “A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS : Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System.” ENERGIES, vol. 14, no. 5, 2021, doi:10.3390/en14051420.
APA
Azaioud, H., Claeys, R., Knockaert, J., Vandevelde, L., & Desmet, J. (2021). A low-voltage DC backbone with aggregated RES and BESS : benefits compared to a traditional low-voltage AC system. ENERGIES, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051420
Chicago author-date
Azaioud, Hakim, Robbert Claeys, Jos Knockaert, Lieven Vandevelde, and Jan Desmet. 2021. “A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS : Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System.” ENERGIES 14 (5). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051420.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Azaioud, Hakim, Robbert Claeys, Jos Knockaert, Lieven Vandevelde, and Jan Desmet. 2021. “A Low-Voltage DC Backbone with Aggregated RES and BESS : Benefits Compared to a Traditional Low-Voltage AC System.” ENERGIES 14 (5). doi:10.3390/en14051420.
Vancouver
1.
Azaioud H, Claeys R, Knockaert J, Vandevelde L, Desmet J. A low-voltage DC backbone with aggregated RES and BESS : benefits compared to a traditional low-voltage AC system. ENERGIES. 2021;14(5).
IEEE
[1]
H. Azaioud, R. Claeys, J. Knockaert, L. Vandevelde, and J. Desmet, “A low-voltage DC backbone with aggregated RES and BESS : benefits compared to a traditional low-voltage AC system,” ENERGIES, vol. 14, no. 5, 2021.
@article{8698005,
  abstract     = {{The increasing penetration of PV into the distribution grid leads to congestion, causing
detrimental power quality issues. Moreover, the multiple small photovoltaic (PV) systems and
battery energy storage systems (BESSs) result in increasing conversion losses. A low-voltage DC
(LVDC) backbone to interconnect these assets would decrease the conversion losses and is a promising
solution for a more optimal integration of PV systems. The multiple small PV systems can be replaced
by shared assets with large common PV installations and a large BESS. Sharing renewable energy and
aggregation are activities that are stimulated by the European Commission and lead to a substantial
benefit in terms of self-consumption index (SCI) and self-sufficiency index (SSI). In this study, the
benefit of an LVDC backbone is investigated compared to using a low-voltage AC (LVAC) system. It
is found that the cable losses increase by 0.9 percent points and the conversion losses decrease by 12
percent points compared to the traditional low-voltage AC (LVAC) system. The SCI increases by 2
percent points and the SSI increases by 6 percent points compared to using an LVAC system with
shared meter. It is shown that an LVDC backbone is only beneficial with a PV penetration level of
65% and that the BESS can be reduced by 22% for the same SSI.}},
  articleno    = {{1420}},
  author       = {{Azaioud, Hakim and Claeys, Robbert and Knockaert, Jos and Vandevelde, Lieven and Desmet, Jan}},
  issn         = {{1996-1073}},
  journal      = {{ENERGIES}},
  keywords     = {{LVDC,self-sufficiency index,load aggregation,power converters,photovoltaic,efficiency}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{5}},
  pages        = {{28}},
  title        = {{A low-voltage DC backbone with aggregated RES and BESS : benefits compared to a traditional low-voltage AC system}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.3390/en14051420}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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