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Lifting the quality of fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid based composites

Sisi Wang, Lode Daelemans (UGent) , Dagmar D'hooge (UGent) , Liesbeth Couck (UGent) , Wim Van Den Broeck (UGent) , Pieter Cornillie (UGent) , Maling Gou, Karen De Clerck (UGent) and Ludwig Cardon (UGent)
(2021) COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING. 210.
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Abstract
The development of well-designed polylactic acid (PLA) based composite filaments through fused filament fabrication (FFF) is crucial, as PLA printed parts are characterized by a high brittleness. Here we focus on FFF composite formation using ductile poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), the nanoclay cloisite and the chain extender Joncryl. A high modulus, flexibility, toughness and notched impact strength result upon combining PLA/PBAT (80:20; mass basis) with a sufficiently high cloisite amount (1-5 phr) supported by a suited Joncryl amount (0.3 phr). A fine PBAT dispersion is then ensured, as confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For high cloisite amounts (e.g. 10 phr) the crystallinity and vicat softening temperature enhance but cloisite aggregation is unavoidable, leading to a strong reduction in tensile strain and toughness. Annealing increases crystallinity thus material strength, rigidity and impact, at least partially overruling the need of a fine dispersion. Novel radar charts are also reported to select an optimal bio-based blend suitable for different end-user applications by adjusting the composition and possible post-annealing of printed products.
Keywords
Mechanical Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Biopolymers, Additive manufacturing, Composites, Thermo-mechanical properties

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MLA
Wang, Sisi, et al. “Lifting the Quality of Fused Filament Fabrication of Polylactic Acid Based Composites.” COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING, vol. 210, 2021, doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108613.
APA
Wang, S., Daelemans, L., D’hooge, D., Couck, L., Van Den Broeck, W., Cornillie, P., … Cardon, L. (2021). Lifting the quality of fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid based composites. COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING, 210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108613
Chicago author-date
Wang, Sisi, Lode Daelemans, Dagmar D’hooge, Liesbeth Couck, Wim Van Den Broeck, Pieter Cornillie, Maling Gou, Karen De Clerck, and Ludwig Cardon. 2021. “Lifting the Quality of Fused Filament Fabrication of Polylactic Acid Based Composites.” COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING 210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108613.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Wang, Sisi, Lode Daelemans, Dagmar D’hooge, Liesbeth Couck, Wim Van Den Broeck, Pieter Cornillie, Maling Gou, Karen De Clerck, and Ludwig Cardon. 2021. “Lifting the Quality of Fused Filament Fabrication of Polylactic Acid Based Composites.” COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING 210. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108613.
Vancouver
1.
Wang S, Daelemans L, D’hooge D, Couck L, Van Den Broeck W, Cornillie P, et al. Lifting the quality of fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid based composites. COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING. 2021;210.
IEEE
[1]
S. Wang et al., “Lifting the quality of fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid based composites,” COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING, vol. 210, 2021.
@article{8694251,
  abstract     = {{The development of well-designed polylactic acid (PLA) based composite filaments through fused filament fabrication (FFF) is crucial, as PLA printed parts are characterized by a high brittleness. Here we focus on FFF composite formation using ductile poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), the nanoclay cloisite and the chain extender Joncryl. A high modulus, flexibility, toughness and notched impact strength result upon combining PLA/PBAT (80:20; mass basis) with a sufficiently high cloisite amount (1-5 phr) supported by a suited Joncryl amount (0.3 phr). A fine PBAT dispersion is then ensured, as confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. For high cloisite amounts (e.g. 10 phr) the crystallinity and vicat softening temperature enhance but cloisite aggregation is unavoidable, leading to a strong reduction in tensile strain and toughness. Annealing increases crystallinity thus material strength, rigidity and impact, at least partially overruling the need of a fine dispersion. Novel radar charts are also reported to select an optimal bio-based blend suitable for different end-user applications by adjusting the composition and possible post-annealing of printed products.}},
  articleno    = {{108613}},
  author       = {{Wang, Sisi and Daelemans, Lode and D'hooge, Dagmar and Couck, Liesbeth and Van Den Broeck, Wim and Cornillie, Pieter and Gou, Maling and De Clerck, Karen and Cardon, Ludwig}},
  issn         = {{1359-8368}},
  journal      = {{COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,Mechanics of Materials,Ceramics and Composites,Biopolymers,Additive manufacturing,Composites,Thermo-mechanical properties}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{10}},
  title        = {{Lifting the quality of fused filament fabrication of polylactic acid based composites}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108613}},
  volume       = {{210}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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