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Justice and equality for all? Proportional representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade para todos? Representação proporcional na Bélgica e na França (1883-1921)

Frederik Dhondt (UGent)
(2020) SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS). 41(86). p.28-62
Author
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Abstract
Whereas 19th century Belgium is traditionally framed as heavily dependent on France, this image ought to be nuanced for its political system. During what Pierre Rosanvallon named the transnational ‘proportional moment’ (1899-1914), the introduction of Proportional Representation in parliamentary elections generated a French interest in Belgium as the ‘electoral laboratory of Europe’. Arguments raised in the French Chambre des Députés were similar to those used in Belgian Parliament. The present article addresses the structural differences between the electoral debate in both states. Whereas Belgian constitutional doctrine adapted smoothly to the introduction of proportionality (Oscar Orban/Paul Errera) and held a moderate position bordering on that of Hans Kelsen, French doctrine was divided between the Parisian Adhémar Esmein, who defended the majority system as the bedrock of republicanism, and provincial professors of constitutional law, who had corporatist ideas, or were in favour of judicial review (Joseph-Barthélémy, Léon Duguit). Raymond Carré de Malberg’s condemnation of proportional representation as impossible, or as the stepping-stone to direct democracy, ought to be situated within this context.
Keywords
Constitutional Law, Electoral Law, Public Law, Belgian Legal History, French Legal History

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MLA
Dhondt, Frederik. “Justice and Equality for All? Proportional Representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade Para Todos? Representação Proporcional Na Bélgica e Na França (1883-1921).” SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS), vol. 41, no. 86, 2020, pp. 28–62, doi:10.5007/2177-7055.2020v41n86p28.
APA
Dhondt, F. (2020). Justice and equality for all? Proportional representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade para todos? Representação proporcional na Bélgica e na França (1883-1921). SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS), 41(86), 28–62. https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2020v41n86p28
Chicago author-date
Dhondt, Frederik. 2020. “Justice and Equality for All? Proportional Representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade Para Todos? Representação Proporcional Na Bélgica e Na França (1883-1921).” SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS) 41 (86): 28–62. https://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2020v41n86p28.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Dhondt, Frederik. 2020. “Justice and Equality for All? Proportional Representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade Para Todos? Representação Proporcional Na Bélgica e Na França (1883-1921).” SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS) 41 (86): 28–62. doi:10.5007/2177-7055.2020v41n86p28.
Vancouver
1.
Dhondt F. Justice and equality for all? Proportional representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade para todos? Representação proporcional na Bélgica e na França (1883-1921). SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS). 2020;41(86):28–62.
IEEE
[1]
F. Dhondt, “Justice and equality for all? Proportional representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade para todos? Representação proporcional na Bélgica e na França (1883-1921),” SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS), vol. 41, no. 86, pp. 28–62, 2020.
@article{8692705,
  abstract     = {{Whereas 19th century Belgium is traditionally framed as heavily dependent on France, this image ought to be nuanced for its political system. During what Pierre Rosanvallon named the transnational ‘proportional moment’ (1899-1914), the introduction of Proportional Representation in parliamentary elections generated a French interest in Belgium as the ‘electoral laboratory of Europe’. Arguments raised in the French Chambre des Députés were similar to those used in Belgian Parliament. The present article addresses the structural differences between the electoral debate in both states. Whereas Belgian constitutional doctrine adapted smoothly to the introduction of proportionality (Oscar Orban/Paul Errera) and held a moderate position bordering on that of Hans Kelsen, French doctrine was divided between the Parisian Adhémar Esmein, who defended the majority system as the bedrock of republicanism, and provincial professors of constitutional law, who had corporatist ideas, or were in favour of judicial review (Joseph-Barthélémy, Léon Duguit). Raymond Carré de Malberg’s condemnation of proportional representation as impossible, or as the stepping-stone to direct democracy, ought to be situated within this context.}},
  author       = {{Dhondt, Frederik}},
  issn         = {{0101-9562}},
  journal      = {{SEQUÊNCIA (FLORIANÓPOLIS)}},
  keywords     = {{Constitutional  Law,Electoral  Law,Public   Law,Belgian   Legal   History,French Legal History}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{86}},
  pages        = {{28--62}},
  title        = {{Justice and equality for all? Proportional representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921) = Justiça e Igualdade para todos? Representação proporcional na Bélgica e na França (1883-1921)}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2020v41n86p28}},
  volume       = {{41}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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