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On the use of balanced item parceling to counter acquiescence bias in structural equation models

Bert Weijters (UGent) and Hans Baumgartner
(2022) ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS. 25(1). p.170-180
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Abstract
We propose the use of balanced item parcels to account for method effects caused by acquiescent responding. The use of balanced parcels avoids the need to model method effects explicitly and results in a parsimonious specification of measurement and full structural equation models in the presence of unwanted method effects, particularly when a scale consists of a relatively large number of items. Balanced item parcels are sums or averages of individual items consisting of an equal number of regular and reversed items measuring the same construct. When regular and reversed items are combined into parcels, method effects cancel out (assuming that the method effects affecting the regular and reversed items in a parcel are equal in magnitude), and model fit and parameter estimates will no longer be negatively affected by acquiescent responding. We discuss why balanced item parceling works and when it is likely to prove beneficial, and we present a step-by-step procedure explaining how to use balanced item parceling in practice. We also report a brief hypothetical example to illustrate the proposed approach.
Keywords
quantitative structural equation modeling, factor analysis, quantitative research, method variance, quantitative research

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Citation

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MLA
Weijters, Bert, and Hans Baumgartner. “On the Use of Balanced Item Parceling to Counter Acquiescence Bias in Structural Equation Models.” ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS, vol. 25, no. 1, 2022, pp. 170–80, doi:10.1177/1094428121991909.
APA
Weijters, B., & Baumgartner, H. (2022). On the use of balanced item parceling to counter acquiescence bias in structural equation models. ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS, 25(1), 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428121991909
Chicago author-date
Weijters, Bert, and Hans Baumgartner. 2022. “On the Use of Balanced Item Parceling to Counter Acquiescence Bias in Structural Equation Models.” ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS 25 (1): 170–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428121991909.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Weijters, Bert, and Hans Baumgartner. 2022. “On the Use of Balanced Item Parceling to Counter Acquiescence Bias in Structural Equation Models.” ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS 25 (1): 170–180. doi:10.1177/1094428121991909.
Vancouver
1.
Weijters B, Baumgartner H. On the use of balanced item parceling to counter acquiescence bias in structural equation models. ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS. 2022;25(1):170–80.
IEEE
[1]
B. Weijters and H. Baumgartner, “On the use of balanced item parceling to counter acquiescence bias in structural equation models,” ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 170–180, 2022.
@article{8690754,
  abstract     = {{We propose the use of balanced item parcels to account for method effects caused by acquiescent responding. The use of balanced parcels avoids the need to model method effects explicitly and results in a parsimonious specification of measurement and full structural equation models in the presence of unwanted method effects, particularly when a scale consists of a relatively large number of items. Balanced item parcels are sums or averages of individual items consisting of an equal number of regular and reversed items measuring the same construct. When regular and reversed items are combined into parcels, method effects cancel out (assuming that the method effects affecting the regular and reversed items in a parcel are equal in magnitude), and model fit and parameter estimates will no longer be negatively affected by acquiescent responding. We discuss why balanced item parceling works and when it is likely to prove beneficial, and we present a step-by-step procedure explaining how to use balanced item parceling in practice. We also report a brief hypothetical example to illustrate the proposed approach.}},
  author       = {{Weijters, Bert and Baumgartner, Hans}},
  issn         = {{1094-4281}},
  journal      = {{ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS}},
  keywords     = {{quantitative structural equation modeling,factor analysis,quantitative research,method variance,quantitative research}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{170--180}},
  title        = {{On the use of balanced item parceling to counter acquiescence bias in structural equation models}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1177/1094428121991909}},
  volume       = {{25}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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