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Pressure-infiltration characteristics of foam for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand : part 2 : soil–foam mixture

Tao Xu, Adam Bezuijen (UGent) and Markus Thewes
(2022) GEOTECHNIQUE. 72(4). p.295-308
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Abstract
Experiments on infiltration of pressurised soil-foam mixture into saturated sand have been carried out in a laboratory set-up that provides a hydraulic gradient comparable to real tunnels. The soil-foam mixture used was comparable to the excavated soil (soil-foam mixture) that can be expected in the excavation chamber of an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield. It appears that a higher effective foam expansion ratio (FERm) is more effective to form a low-permeability layer in the sand. Since there will be an interaction between air, water and sand in the soil-foam mixture, the infiltration characteristics of the soil-foam mixture are a little different from that of the foam. It was shown that a larger air fraction at a given solid fraction reduces the foam flow in the sand. The water permeability of foam-infiltrated sand decreases with an increasing air fraction and a decreasing liquid fraction for a given solid fraction, and also decreases with an increasing air fraction and a decreasing solid fraction for a given liquid fraction. The situation with high sand fraction should be avoided in the field because there will be no impermeable or low-permeability layer formed at the tunnel face. Furthermore, the water permeability of foam-infiltrated sand decreases with the foam injection ratio (FIR) and an appropriate FIR is important for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand.
Keywords
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), laboratory tests, particle-scale behaviour, permeability, pore pressures, tunnels & tunnelling, CONDITIONED SOIL, STRESS

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MLA
Xu, Tao, et al. “Pressure-Infiltration Characteristics of Foam for EPB Shield Tunnelling in Saturated Sand : Part 2 : Soil–Foam Mixture.” GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 72, no. 4, 2022, pp. 295–308, doi:10.1680/jgeot.19.p.188.
APA
Xu, T., Bezuijen, A., & Thewes, M. (2022). Pressure-infiltration characteristics of foam for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand : part 2 : soil–foam mixture. GEOTECHNIQUE, 72(4), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.19.p.188
Chicago author-date
Xu, Tao, Adam Bezuijen, and Markus Thewes. 2022. “Pressure-Infiltration Characteristics of Foam for EPB Shield Tunnelling in Saturated Sand : Part 2 : Soil–Foam Mixture.” GEOTECHNIQUE 72 (4): 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.19.p.188.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Xu, Tao, Adam Bezuijen, and Markus Thewes. 2022. “Pressure-Infiltration Characteristics of Foam for EPB Shield Tunnelling in Saturated Sand : Part 2 : Soil–Foam Mixture.” GEOTECHNIQUE 72 (4): 295–308. doi:10.1680/jgeot.19.p.188.
Vancouver
1.
Xu T, Bezuijen A, Thewes M. Pressure-infiltration characteristics of foam for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand : part 2 : soil–foam mixture. GEOTECHNIQUE. 2022;72(4):295–308.
IEEE
[1]
T. Xu, A. Bezuijen, and M. Thewes, “Pressure-infiltration characteristics of foam for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand : part 2 : soil–foam mixture,” GEOTECHNIQUE, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 295–308, 2022.
@article{8687392,
  abstract     = {{Experiments on infiltration of pressurised soil-foam mixture into saturated sand have been carried out in a laboratory set-up that provides a hydraulic gradient comparable to real tunnels. The soil-foam mixture used was comparable to the excavated soil (soil-foam mixture) that can be expected in the excavation chamber of an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield. It appears that a higher effective foam expansion ratio (FERm) is more effective to form a low-permeability layer in the sand. Since there will be an interaction between air, water and sand in the soil-foam mixture, the infiltration characteristics of the soil-foam mixture are a little different from that of the foam. It was shown that a larger air fraction at a given solid fraction reduces the foam flow in the sand. The water permeability of foam-infiltrated sand decreases with an increasing air fraction and a decreasing liquid fraction for a given solid fraction, and also decreases with an increasing air fraction and a decreasing solid fraction for a given liquid fraction. The situation with high sand fraction should be avoided in the field because there will be no impermeable or low-permeability layer formed at the tunnel face. Furthermore, the water permeability of foam-infiltrated sand decreases with the foam injection ratio (FIR) and an appropriate FIR is important for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand.}},
  author       = {{Xu, Tao and Bezuijen, Adam and Thewes, Markus}},
  issn         = {{0016-8505}},
  journal      = {{GEOTECHNIQUE}},
  keywords     = {{Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),laboratory tests,particle-scale behaviour,permeability,pore pressures,tunnels & tunnelling,CONDITIONED SOIL,STRESS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{295--308}},
  title        = {{Pressure-infiltration characteristics of foam for EPB shield tunnelling in saturated sand : part 2 : soil–foam mixture}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.19.p.188}},
  volume       = {{72}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}
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