Hold your breath : peripheral and cerebral oxygenation during dry static apnea
- Author
- Janne Bouten (UGent) , Jan Bourgois (UGent) and Jan Boone (UGent)
- Organization
- Abstract
- Purpose Acute breath-holding deprives the human body from oxygen. In an effort to protect the brain, the diving response is initiated, coupling several physiological responses. The aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses to apnea at the cardiac, peripheral and cerebral level. Methods 31 physically active subjects (17 male, 14 female, 23.3 +/- 1.8 years old) performed a maximal static breath-hold in a seated position. Heart rate (HR), muscle and cerebral oxygenation (by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) were continuously measured. RM MANOVA's were used to identify changes in HR, peripheral (mTOI) and cerebral (cTOI) tissue oxygenation and oxygenated (O(2)Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin during apnea. Results Average apnea duration was 157 +/- 41 s. HR started decreasing after 10 s (p < 0.001) and dropped on average by 27 +/- 14 bpm from baseline (p < 0.001). mTOI started decreasing 10 s after apnea (p < 0.001) and fell by 8.6 +/- 4.0% (p < 0.001). Following an immediate drop after 5 s (p < 0.001), cTOI increased continuously, reaching a maximal increase of 3.7 +/- 2.4% followed by a steady decrease until the end of apnea. cTOI fell on average 5.4 +/- 8.3% below baseline (p < 0.001). Conclusion During apnea, the human body elicits several protective mechanisms to protect itself against the deprivation of oxygen. HR slows down, decreasing O(2)demand of the cardiac muscle. The decrease in mTOI and increase in cTOI imply a redistribution of blood flow prioritizing the brain. However, this mechanism is not sufficient to maintain cTOI until the end of apnea.
- Keywords
- NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY, DIVING RESPONSE, BLOOD-FLOW, CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES, HYPOXIA, HUMANS, SPLEEN, BRAIN, CONSUMPTION, DIVERS, Breath-holding, Diving response, NIRS, Cerebral oxygenation, Peripheral, oxygenation, Syncope
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Citation
Please use this url to cite or link to this publication: http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8680912
- MLA
- Bouten, Janne, et al. “Hold Your Breath : Peripheral and Cerebral Oxygenation during Dry Static Apnea.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 120, no. 10, Springer, 2020, pp. 2213–22, doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04445-y.
- APA
- Bouten, J., Bourgois, J., & Boone, J. (2020). Hold your breath : peripheral and cerebral oxygenation during dry static apnea. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, 120(10), 2213–2222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04445-y
- Chicago author-date
- Bouten, Janne, Jan Bourgois, and Jan Boone. 2020. “Hold Your Breath : Peripheral and Cerebral Oxygenation during Dry Static Apnea.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 120 (10): 2213–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04445-y.
- Chicago author-date (all authors)
- Bouten, Janne, Jan Bourgois, and Jan Boone. 2020. “Hold Your Breath : Peripheral and Cerebral Oxygenation during Dry Static Apnea.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY 120 (10): 2213–2222. doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04445-y.
- Vancouver
- 1.Bouten J, Bourgois J, Boone J. Hold your breath : peripheral and cerebral oxygenation during dry static apnea. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY. 2020;120(10):2213–22.
- IEEE
- [1]J. Bouten, J. Bourgois, and J. Boone, “Hold your breath : peripheral and cerebral oxygenation during dry static apnea,” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 120, no. 10, pp. 2213–2222, 2020.
@article{8680912,
abstract = {{Purpose Acute breath-holding deprives the human body from oxygen. In an effort to protect the brain, the diving response is initiated, coupling several physiological responses. The aim of this study was to describe the physiological responses to apnea at the cardiac, peripheral and cerebral level. Methods 31 physically active subjects (17 male, 14 female, 23.3 +/- 1.8 years old) performed a maximal static breath-hold in a seated position. Heart rate (HR), muscle and cerebral oxygenation (by means of near-infrared spectroscopy, NIRS) were continuously measured. RM MANOVA's were used to identify changes in HR, peripheral (mTOI) and cerebral (cTOI) tissue oxygenation and oxygenated (O(2)Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin during apnea. Results Average apnea duration was 157 +/- 41 s. HR started decreasing after 10 s (p < 0.001) and dropped on average by 27 +/- 14 bpm from baseline (p < 0.001). mTOI started decreasing 10 s after apnea (p < 0.001) and fell by 8.6 +/- 4.0% (p < 0.001). Following an immediate drop after 5 s (p < 0.001), cTOI increased continuously, reaching a maximal increase of 3.7 +/- 2.4% followed by a steady decrease until the end of apnea. cTOI fell on average 5.4 +/- 8.3% below baseline (p < 0.001). Conclusion During apnea, the human body elicits several protective mechanisms to protect itself against the deprivation of oxygen. HR slows down, decreasing O(2)demand of the cardiac muscle. The decrease in mTOI and increase in cTOI imply a redistribution of blood flow prioritizing the brain. However, this mechanism is not sufficient to maintain cTOI until the end of apnea.}},
author = {{Bouten, Janne and Bourgois, Jan and Boone, Jan}},
issn = {{1439-6319}},
journal = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY}},
keywords = {{NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY,DIVING RESPONSE,BLOOD-FLOW,CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES,HYPOXIA,HUMANS,SPLEEN,BRAIN,CONSUMPTION,DIVERS,Breath-holding,Diving response,NIRS,Cerebral oxygenation,Peripheral,oxygenation,Syncope}},
language = {{eng}},
number = {{10}},
pages = {{2213--2222}},
publisher = {{Springer}},
title = {{Hold your breath : peripheral and cerebral oxygenation during dry static apnea}},
url = {{http://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04445-y}},
volume = {{120}},
year = {{2020}},
}
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