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Self-study, obtaining or viewing terrorist material over the internet : a legitimacy test of consumer-oriented criminal law provisions in four Western-European countries

Stéphanie De Coensel (UGent)
(2020) EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 28(4). p.379-406
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Abstract
The internet is a key source of information, communication and propaganda in the context of terrorism. Policymakers increasingly resort to measures that monitor, control and punish internet-related activity. One type of measures concerns the criminalisation of consumers of certain terrorist material over the internet, ranging from self-study over more specific autonomous provisions. This contribution aims to subject this criminal law approach to a legitimacy test, studying the minimum standards of the European Union, as well as the legal framework of four Western-European countries (i.e. Belgium, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom). This critical-legal analysis consists of a remote harm analysis, a human rights assessment and a necessity argument. It is argued that the expansion of the scope of criminal liability to a pre-crime era conflicts with certain premises of criminal law and human rights law.
Keywords
counter-terrorism, legitimacy, self-study, internet, criminalisation, remote harm, human rights, right to seek, receive and impart information, freedom of expression, necessity

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Citation

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MLA
De Coensel, Stéphanie. “Self-Study, Obtaining or Viewing Terrorist Material over the Internet : A Legitimacy Test of Consumer-Oriented Criminal Law Provisions in Four Western-European Countries.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, vol. 28, no. 4, 2020, pp. 379–406, doi:10.1163/15718174-BJA10006.
APA
De Coensel, S. (2020). Self-study, obtaining or viewing terrorist material over the internet : a legitimacy test of consumer-oriented criminal law provisions in four Western-European countries. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, 28(4), 379–406. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718174-BJA10006
Chicago author-date
De Coensel, Stéphanie. 2020. “Self-Study, Obtaining or Viewing Terrorist Material over the Internet : A Legitimacy Test of Consumer-Oriented Criminal Law Provisions in Four Western-European Countries.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 28 (4): 379–406. https://doi.org/10.1163/15718174-BJA10006.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
De Coensel, Stéphanie. 2020. “Self-Study, Obtaining or Viewing Terrorist Material over the Internet : A Legitimacy Test of Consumer-Oriented Criminal Law Provisions in Four Western-European Countries.” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE 28 (4): 379–406. doi:10.1163/15718174-BJA10006.
Vancouver
1.
De Coensel S. Self-study, obtaining or viewing terrorist material over the internet : a legitimacy test of consumer-oriented criminal law provisions in four Western-European countries. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE. 2020;28(4):379–406.
IEEE
[1]
S. De Coensel, “Self-study, obtaining or viewing terrorist material over the internet : a legitimacy test of consumer-oriented criminal law provisions in four Western-European countries,” EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 379–406, 2020.
@article{8676997,
  abstract     = {{The internet is a key source of information, communication and propaganda in the context of terrorism. Policymakers increasingly resort to measures that monitor, control and punish internet-related activity. One type of measures concerns the criminalisation of consumers of certain terrorist material over the internet, ranging from self-study over more specific autonomous provisions. This contribution aims to subject this criminal law approach to a legitimacy test, studying the minimum standards of the European Union, as well as the legal framework of four Western-European countries (i.e. Belgium, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom). This critical-legal analysis consists of a remote harm analysis, a human rights assessment and a necessity argument. It is argued that the expansion of the scope of criminal liability to a pre-crime era conflicts with certain premises of criminal law and human rights law.}},
  author       = {{De Coensel, Stéphanie}},
  issn         = {{0928-9569}},
  journal      = {{EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIME CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE}},
  keywords     = {{counter-terrorism,legitimacy,self-study,internet,criminalisation,remote harm,human rights,right to seek,receive and impart information,freedom of expression,necessity}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{4}},
  pages        = {{379--406}},
  title        = {{Self-study, obtaining or viewing terrorist material over the internet : a legitimacy test of consumer-oriented criminal law provisions in four Western-European countries}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-BJA10006}},
  volume       = {{28}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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