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Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure of Western honey bees

Arno Thielens (UGent) , Mark K. Greco, Leen Verloock (UGent) , Luc Martens (UGent) and Wout Joseph (UGent)
(2020) SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. 10(1).
Author
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Abstract
Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) can be absorbed in all living organisms, including Western Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera). This is an ecologically and economically important global insect species that is continuously exposed to environmental RF-EMFs. This exposure is studied numerically and experimentally in this manuscript. To this aim, numerical simulations using honey bee models, obtained using micro-CT scanning, were implemented to determine RF absorbed power as a function of frequency in the 0.6 to 120 GHz range. Five different models of honey bees were obtained and simulated: two workers, a drone, a larva, and a queen. The simulations were combined with in-situ measurements of environmental RF-EMF exposure near beehives in Belgium in order to estimate realistic exposure and absorbed power values for honey bees. Our analysis shows that a relatively small shift of 10% of environmental incident power density from frequencies below 3 GHz to higher frequencies will lead to a relative increase in absorbed power of a factor higher than 3.
Keywords
RADIO-FREQUENCY, PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS, BODY, SAR, RF, INSECTS, GHZ, RADIATION, BEHAVIOR

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MLA
Thielens, Arno, et al. “Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure of Western Honey Bees.” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56948-0.
APA
Thielens, A., Greco, M. K., Verloock, L., Martens, L., & Joseph, W. (2020). Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure of Western honey bees. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56948-0
Chicago author-date
Thielens, Arno, Mark K. Greco, Leen Verloock, Luc Martens, and Wout Joseph. 2020. “Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure of Western Honey Bees.” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 10 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56948-0.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Thielens, Arno, Mark K. Greco, Leen Verloock, Luc Martens, and Wout Joseph. 2020. “Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure of Western Honey Bees.” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 10 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56948-0.
Vancouver
1.
Thielens A, Greco MK, Verloock L, Martens L, Joseph W. Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure of Western honey bees. SCIENTIFIC REPORTS. 2020;10(1).
IEEE
[1]
A. Thielens, M. K. Greco, L. Verloock, L. Martens, and W. Joseph, “Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure of Western honey bees,” SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 10, no. 1, 2020.
@article{8672718,
  abstract     = {{Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) can be absorbed in all living organisms, including Western Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera). This is an ecologically and economically important global insect species that is continuously exposed to environmental RF-EMFs. This exposure is studied numerically and experimentally in this manuscript. To this aim, numerical simulations using honey bee models, obtained using micro-CT scanning, were implemented to determine RF absorbed power as a function of frequency in the 0.6 to 120 GHz range. Five different models of honey bees were obtained and simulated: two workers, a drone, a larva, and a queen. The simulations were combined with in-situ measurements of environmental RF-EMF exposure near beehives in Belgium in order to estimate realistic exposure and absorbed power values for honey bees. Our analysis shows that a relatively small shift of 10% of environmental incident power density from frequencies below 3 GHz to higher frequencies will lead to a relative increase in absorbed power of a factor higher than 3.}},
  articleno    = {{461}},
  author       = {{Thielens, Arno and Greco, Mark K. and Verloock, Leen and Martens, Luc and Joseph, Wout}},
  issn         = {{2045-2322}},
  journal      = {{SCIENTIFIC REPORTS}},
  keywords     = {{RADIO-FREQUENCY,PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS,BODY,SAR,RF,INSECTS,GHZ,RADIATION,BEHAVIOR}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{14}},
  title        = {{Radio-frequency electromagnetic field exposure of Western honey bees}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56948-0}},
  volume       = {{10}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}
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