@article{8672564,
  abstract     = {{In this paper, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations solver, interFoam of OpenFOAM®, is validated for wave interactions with a dike, including a promenade and vertical wall, on a shallow foreshore. Such a coastal defence system is comprised of both an impermeable dike and a beach in front of it, forming the shallow foreshore depth at the dike toe. This case necessitates the simulation of several processes simultaneously: wave propagation, wave breaking over the beach slope, and wave interactions with the sea dike, consisting of wave overtopping, bore interactions on the promenade, and bore impacts on the dike-mounted vertical wall at the end of the promenade (storm wall or building). The validation is done using rare large-scale experimental data. Model performance and pattern statistics are employed to quantify the ability of the numerical model to reproduce the experimental data. In the evaluation method, a repeated test is used to estimate the experimental uncertainty. The solver interFoam is shown to generally have a very good model performance rating. A detailed analysis of the complex processes preceding the impacts on the vertical wall proves that a correct reproduction of the horizontal impact force and pressures is highly dependent on the accuracy of reproducing the bore interactions.}},
  articleno    = {{650}},
  author       = {{Gruwez, Vincent and Altomare, Corrado and Suzuki, Tomohiro and Streicher, Maximilian and Cappietti, Lorenzo and Kortenhaus, Andreas and Troch, Peter}},
  issn         = {{2077-1312}},
  journal      = {{JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING}},
  keywords     = {{validation,wave modelling,shallow foreshore,dike-mounted vertical wall,wave impact loads,OpenFOAM,SST TURBULENCE MODEL,MODIFIED K-OMEGA,BREAKING WAVES,VERTICAL WALL,SIMULATION,GENERATION,PERFORMANCE,PREDICTION,EVOLUTION,FORCES}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{9}},
  pages        = {{30}},
  title        = {{Validation of RANS modelling for wave interactions with sea dikes on shallow foreshores using a large-scale experimental dataset}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8090650}},
  volume       = {{8}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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