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Evaluation of the efficacy of mycotoxin modifiers and mycotoxin binders by using an in vitro rumen model as a first screening tool

(2020) TOXINS. 12(6).
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Abstract
Ruminal microbiota of cattle are not able to detoxify all mycotoxins. In addition, detoxification can be hampered by adverse ruminal conditions (e.g., low ruminal pH). Hence, in the cattle husbandry, mycotoxin binders and modifiers could be used to prevent animal exposure to mycotoxins. In this study, an in vitro rumen model, including feed matrix, was established as first screening tool to test the efficacy of five products claiming to detoxify mycotoxins. The detoxifiers had different modes of action: (a) binding (three products); (b) enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone (ZEN; one product, ZenA); and (c) bacterial transformation of trichothecenes (one product, BBSH 797). For the mycotoxin binders, the binding to the mycotoxins enniatin B (ENN B), roquefortine C (ROQ-C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) were tested at a dose recommended by the manufacturers. The in vitro model demonstrated that all binders adsorbed ENN B to a certain extent, while only one of the binders also partially adsorbed ROQ-C. The binders did not change the concentrations of the other mycotoxins in the ruminal fluid. The enzyme ZenA detoxified ZEN very quickly and prevented the formation of the more toxic metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), both at normal (6.8) and low ruminal pH (5.8). The addition of BBSH 797 enhanced detoxification of DON and NIV, both at normal and low ruminal pH. The in vitro rumen model demonstrated that the addition of ZenA seems to be a very promising strategy to prevent estrogenic effects of ZEN contaminated feed, and BBSH 797 is efficient in the detoxification of trichothecenes.
Keywords
Toxicology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, mycotoxins, maize silage, mycotoxin binders, mycotoxin modifiers, efficacy testing, AFLATOXIN B-1, INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION, ZEARALENONE, BINDING, STRAINS, SILAGE, FEED, FOOD, DEOXYNIVALENOL, CONTAMINATION

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Citation

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MLA
Debevere, Sandra, et al. “Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an in Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool.” TOXINS, vol. 12, no. 6, 2020, doi:10.3390/toxins12060405.
APA
Debevere, S., Schatzmayr, D., Reisinger, N., Aleschko, M., Haesaert, G., Rychlik, M., … Fievez, V. (2020). Evaluation of the efficacy of mycotoxin modifiers and mycotoxin binders by using an in vitro rumen model as a first screening tool. TOXINS, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060405
Chicago author-date
Debevere, Sandra, Dian Schatzmayr, Nicole Reisinger, Markus Aleschko, Geert Haesaert, Michael Rychlik, Siska Croubels, and Veerle Fievez. 2020. “Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an in Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool.” TOXINS 12 (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060405.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Debevere, Sandra, Dian Schatzmayr, Nicole Reisinger, Markus Aleschko, Geert Haesaert, Michael Rychlik, Siska Croubels, and Veerle Fievez. 2020. “Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Modifiers and Mycotoxin Binders by Using an in Vitro Rumen Model as a First Screening Tool.” TOXINS 12 (6). doi:10.3390/toxins12060405.
Vancouver
1.
Debevere S, Schatzmayr D, Reisinger N, Aleschko M, Haesaert G, Rychlik M, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of mycotoxin modifiers and mycotoxin binders by using an in vitro rumen model as a first screening tool. TOXINS. 2020;12(6).
IEEE
[1]
S. Debevere et al., “Evaluation of the efficacy of mycotoxin modifiers and mycotoxin binders by using an in vitro rumen model as a first screening tool,” TOXINS, vol. 12, no. 6, 2020.
@article{8669032,
  abstract     = {{Ruminal microbiota of cattle are not able to detoxify all mycotoxins. In addition, detoxification can be hampered by adverse ruminal conditions (e.g., low ruminal pH). Hence, in the cattle husbandry, mycotoxin binders and modifiers could be used to prevent animal exposure to mycotoxins. In this study, an in vitro rumen model, including feed matrix, was established as first screening tool to test the efficacy of five products claiming to detoxify mycotoxins. The detoxifiers had different modes of action: (a) binding (three products); (b) enzymatic detoxification of zearalenone (ZEN; one product, ZenA); and (c) bacterial transformation of trichothecenes (one product, BBSH 797). For the mycotoxin binders, the binding to the mycotoxins enniatin B (ENN B), roquefortine C (ROQ-C), mycophenolic acid (MPA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) were tested at a dose recommended by the manufacturers. The in vitro model demonstrated that all binders adsorbed ENN B to a certain extent, while only one of the binders also partially adsorbed ROQ-C. The binders did not change the concentrations of the other mycotoxins in the ruminal fluid. The enzyme ZenA detoxified ZEN very quickly and prevented the formation of the more toxic metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), both at normal (6.8) and low ruminal pH (5.8). The addition of BBSH 797 enhanced detoxification of DON and NIV, both at normal and low ruminal pH. The in vitro rumen model demonstrated that the addition of ZenA seems to be a very promising strategy to prevent estrogenic effects of ZEN contaminated feed, and BBSH 797 is efficient in the detoxification of trichothecenes.}},
  articleno    = {{405}},
  author       = {{Debevere, Sandra and Schatzmayr, Dian and Reisinger, Nicole and Aleschko, Markus and Haesaert, Geert and Rychlik, Michael and Croubels, Siska and Fievez, Veerle}},
  issn         = {{2072-6651}},
  journal      = {{TOXINS}},
  keywords     = {{Toxicology,Health,Toxicology and Mutagenesis,mycotoxins,maize silage,mycotoxin binders,mycotoxin modifiers,efficacy testing,AFLATOXIN B-1,INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION,ZEARALENONE,BINDING,STRAINS,SILAGE,FEED,FOOD,DEOXYNIVALENOL,CONTAMINATION}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{6}},
  pages        = {{18}},
  title        = {{Evaluation of the efficacy of mycotoxin modifiers and mycotoxin binders by using an in vitro rumen model as a first screening tool}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12060405}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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