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Brokering between (not so) overt and (not so) covert networks in conflict zones

(2020) GLOBAL CRIME. 21(1). p.74-110
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Abstract
There is a tendency to consider covert networks as separate from overt networks. Drawing on data from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we demonstrate that this is not the case and identify how covert and overt networks are mutually constitutive. While most studies of African brokers have relied on network metaphors like ‘Big Men’ and ‘social membranes’, we consider the embeddedness of ‘covert’ networks in ‘overt’ networks explicitly. We perform two analyses on a large original dataset encompassing 396 partially overlapping ego-nets obtained from a hybrid link-tracing design. An ego-net analysis reveals a large degree of homophily and a deep embeddedness of the different networks. A multilevel exponential random graph model fitted to the reconstructed network of a 110-node subset shows that demobilised combatants are the actors likely to broker between armed groups, state forces, and civilian blocs, suggesting their capacity to broker peace or foment war.
Keywords
Political Science and International Relations, Sociology and Political Science, Law, DRC, covert networks, brokerage, armed groups, network sampling, network imputation, ERGM, IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY, CENTRALITY MEASURES, DARK NETWORKS, TRADE-OFF, ORGANIZATION, MODELS, STATE, POWER

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Citation

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MLA
Stys, Patrycja, et al. “Brokering between (Not so) Overt and (Not so) Covert Networks in Conflict Zones.” GLOBAL CRIME, vol. 21, no. 1, 2020, pp. 74–110, doi:10.1080/17440572.2019.1596806.
APA
Stys, P., Verweijen, J., Muzuri, P., Muhindo, S., Vogel, C., & Koskinen, J. H. (2020). Brokering between (not so) overt and (not so) covert networks in conflict zones. GLOBAL CRIME, 21(1), 74–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1596806
Chicago author-date
Stys, Patrycja, Judith Verweijen, Papy Muzuri, Samuel Muhindo, Christoph Vogel, and Johan H. Koskinen. 2020. “Brokering between (Not so) Overt and (Not so) Covert Networks in Conflict Zones.” GLOBAL CRIME 21 (1): 74–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1596806.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Stys, Patrycja, Judith Verweijen, Papy Muzuri, Samuel Muhindo, Christoph Vogel, and Johan H. Koskinen. 2020. “Brokering between (Not so) Overt and (Not so) Covert Networks in Conflict Zones.” GLOBAL CRIME 21 (1): 74–110. doi:10.1080/17440572.2019.1596806.
Vancouver
1.
Stys P, Verweijen J, Muzuri P, Muhindo S, Vogel C, Koskinen JH. Brokering between (not so) overt and (not so) covert networks in conflict zones. GLOBAL CRIME. 2020;21(1):74–110.
IEEE
[1]
P. Stys, J. Verweijen, P. Muzuri, S. Muhindo, C. Vogel, and J. H. Koskinen, “Brokering between (not so) overt and (not so) covert networks in conflict zones,” GLOBAL CRIME, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 74–110, 2020.
@article{8668051,
  abstract     = {{There is a tendency to consider covert networks as separate from overt networks. Drawing on data from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we demonstrate that this is not the case and identify how covert and overt networks are mutually constitutive. While most studies of African brokers have relied on network metaphors like ‘Big Men’ and ‘social membranes’, we consider the embeddedness of ‘covert’ networks in ‘overt’ networks explicitly. We perform two analyses on a large original dataset encompassing 396 partially overlapping ego-nets obtained from a hybrid link-tracing design. An ego-net analysis reveals a large degree of homophily and a deep embeddedness of the different networks. A multilevel exponential random graph model fitted to the reconstructed network of a 110-node subset shows that demobilised combatants are the actors likely to broker between armed groups, state forces, and civilian blocs, suggesting their capacity to broker peace or foment war.}},
  author       = {{Stys, Patrycja and Verweijen, Judith and Muzuri, Papy and Muhindo, Samuel and Vogel, Christoph and Koskinen, Johan H.}},
  issn         = {{1744-0572}},
  journal      = {{GLOBAL CRIME}},
  keywords     = {{Political Science and International Relations,Sociology and Political Science,Law,DRC,covert networks,brokerage,armed groups,network sampling,network imputation,ERGM,IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY,CENTRALITY MEASURES,DARK NETWORKS,TRADE-OFF,ORGANIZATION,MODELS,STATE,POWER}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{74--110}},
  title        = {{Brokering between (not so) overt and (not so) covert networks in conflict zones}},
  url          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2019.1596806}},
  volume       = {{21}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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