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Using environmental DNA for detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in natural water

(2020) ENVIRONMENTAL DNA. 2. p.565-571
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Abstract
Rapid, early, and reliable detection of invasive pathogenic microorganisms is essential in order to either predict or delineate an outbreak, and monitor appropriate mitigation measures. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is expanding in Europe, and infection with this fungus may cause massive mortality in urodelans (salamanders and newts). In this study, we designed and validated species‐specific primers and a probe for detection of B. salamandrivorans in water. In a garden pond in close proximity to the B. salamandrivorans index site in the Netherlands, B. salamandrivorans‐infected newts had been detected in 2015 and have been monitored since. In 2016 and 2017, no B. salamandrivorans was detected at this site, but in 2018 B. salamandrivorans flared up in this isolated pond which allowed validation of the technique in situ. We here present the development of an environmental DNA technique that successfully detects B. salamandrivorans DNA in natural waterbodies even at low concentrations. This technique may be further validated to play a role in B. salamandrivorans range delineation and surveillance in both natural waterbodies and in captive collections.
Keywords
Amphibians, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, early detection, emerging infectious diseases, environmental DNA

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MLA
Spitzen - van der Sluijs, Annemeraieke, et al. “Using Environmental DNA for Detection of Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans in Natural Water.” ENVIRONMENTAL DNA, edited by Louis Bernatchez, vol. 2, 2020, pp. 565–71, doi:10.1002/edn3.86.
APA
Spitzen - van der Sluijs, A., Stark, T., Tony, D., Verbrugghe, E., Herder, J., Gilbert, M., … Valentini, A. (2020). Using environmental DNA for detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in natural water. ENVIRONMENTAL DNA, 2, 565–571. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.86
Chicago author-date
Spitzen - van der Sluijs, Annemeraieke, Tariq Stark, DeJean Tony, Elin Verbrugghe, Jelger Herder, Maarten Gilbert, Jöran Janse, An Martel, Frank Pasmans, and Alice Valentini. 2020. “Using Environmental DNA for Detection of Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans in Natural Water.” Edited by Louis Bernatchez. ENVIRONMENTAL DNA 2: 565–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.86.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Spitzen - van der Sluijs, Annemeraieke, Tariq Stark, DeJean Tony, Elin Verbrugghe, Jelger Herder, Maarten Gilbert, Jöran Janse, An Martel, Frank Pasmans, and Alice Valentini. 2020. “Using Environmental DNA for Detection of Batrachochytrium Salamandrivorans in Natural Water.” Ed by. Louis Bernatchez. ENVIRONMENTAL DNA 2: 565–571. doi:10.1002/edn3.86.
Vancouver
1.
Spitzen - van der Sluijs A, Stark T, Tony D, Verbrugghe E, Herder J, Gilbert M, et al. Using environmental DNA for detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in natural water. Bernatchez L, editor. ENVIRONMENTAL DNA. 2020;2:565–71.
IEEE
[1]
A. Spitzen - van der Sluijs et al., “Using environmental DNA for detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in natural water,” ENVIRONMENTAL DNA, vol. 2, pp. 565–571, 2020.
@article{8656363,
  abstract     = {{Rapid, early, and reliable detection of invasive pathogenic microorganisms is essential in order to either predict or delineate an outbreak, and monitor appropriate mitigation measures. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is expanding in Europe, and infection with this fungus may cause massive mortality in urodelans (salamanders and newts). In this study, we designed and validated species‐specific primers and a probe for detection of B. salamandrivorans in water. In a garden pond in close proximity to the B. salamandrivorans index site in the Netherlands, B. salamandrivorans‐infected newts had been detected in 2015 and have been monitored since. In 2016 and 2017, no B. salamandrivorans was detected at this site, but in 2018 B. salamandrivorans flared up in this isolated pond which allowed validation of the technique in situ. We here present the development of an environmental DNA technique that successfully detects B. salamandrivorans DNA in natural waterbodies even at low concentrations. This technique may be further validated to play a role in B. salamandrivorans range delineation and surveillance in both natural waterbodies and in captive collections.}},
  author       = {{Spitzen - van der Sluijs, Annemeraieke and Stark, Tariq and Tony, DeJean and Verbrugghe, Elin and Herder, Jelger and Gilbert, Maarten and Janse, Jöran and Martel, An and Pasmans, Frank and Valentini, Alice}},
  editor       = {{Bernatchez, Louis}},
  issn         = {{2637-4943}},
  journal      = {{ENVIRONMENTAL DNA}},
  keywords     = {{Amphibians,Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans,early detection,emerging infectious diseases,environmental DNA}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  pages        = {{565--571}},
  title        = {{Using environmental DNA for detection of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans in natural water}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.86}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2020}},
}

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