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Measuring the security culture in organizations : a systematic overview of existing tools

Marlies Sas (UGent) , Wim Hardyns (UGent) , Karolien van Nunen, Genserik Reniers and Koen Ponnet (UGent)
(2021) SECURITY JOURNAL. 34(2). p.340-357
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Abstract
There has been an increase in research into the security culture in organizations in recent years. This growing interest has been accompanied by the development of tools to measure the level of security culture in order to identify potential threats and formulate solutions. This article provides a systematic overview of the existing tools. A total of 16 are identified, of which six are studied in detail. This exploration reveals that there is no validated and widely accepted tool that can be used in different sectors and organizations. The majority of the tools reviewed use only a quantitative method; however, security culture includes very different domains and therefore a mixed-method approach should be used. In contrast to security culture, instruments for measuring safety culture are widely available, and with many similarities between these two domains it is possible that well-established tools for measuring safety culture could be adapted to a security environment.
Keywords
Strategy and Management, Law, Safety Research, Security culture, Organizations, Measuring instruments, Systematic overview, Organizational culture, INFORMATION SECURITY, FRAMEWORK, SAFETY

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MLA
Sas, Marlies, et al. “Measuring the Security Culture in Organizations : A Systematic Overview of Existing Tools.” SECURITY JOURNAL, vol. 34, no. 2, 2021, pp. 340–57, doi:10.1057/s41284-020-00228-4.
APA
Sas, M., Hardyns, W., van Nunen, K., Reniers, G., & Ponnet, K. (2021). Measuring the security culture in organizations : a systematic overview of existing tools. SECURITY JOURNAL, 34(2), 340–357. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-020-00228-4
Chicago author-date
Sas, Marlies, Wim Hardyns, Karolien van Nunen, Genserik Reniers, and Koen Ponnet. 2021. “Measuring the Security Culture in Organizations : A Systematic Overview of Existing Tools.” SECURITY JOURNAL 34 (2): 340–57. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-020-00228-4.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Sas, Marlies, Wim Hardyns, Karolien van Nunen, Genserik Reniers, and Koen Ponnet. 2021. “Measuring the Security Culture in Organizations : A Systematic Overview of Existing Tools.” SECURITY JOURNAL 34 (2): 340–357. doi:10.1057/s41284-020-00228-4.
Vancouver
1.
Sas M, Hardyns W, van Nunen K, Reniers G, Ponnet K. Measuring the security culture in organizations : a systematic overview of existing tools. SECURITY JOURNAL. 2021;34(2):340–57.
IEEE
[1]
M. Sas, W. Hardyns, K. van Nunen, G. Reniers, and K. Ponnet, “Measuring the security culture in organizations : a systematic overview of existing tools,” SECURITY JOURNAL, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 340–357, 2021.
@article{8651140,
  abstract     = {{There has been an increase in research into the security culture in organizations in recent years. This growing interest has been accompanied by the development of tools to measure the level of security culture in order to identify potential threats and formulate solutions. This article provides a systematic overview of the existing tools. A total of 16 are identified, of which six are studied in detail. This exploration reveals that there is no validated and widely accepted tool that can be used in different sectors and organizations. The majority of the tools reviewed use only a quantitative method; however, security culture includes very different domains and therefore a mixed-method approach should be used. In contrast to security culture, instruments for measuring safety culture are widely available, and with many similarities between these two domains it is possible that well-established tools for measuring safety culture could be adapted to a security environment.}},
  author       = {{Sas, Marlies and Hardyns, Wim and van Nunen, Karolien and Reniers, Genserik and Ponnet, Koen}},
  issn         = {{0955-1662}},
  journal      = {{SECURITY JOURNAL}},
  keywords     = {{Strategy and Management,Law,Safety Research,Security culture,Organizations,Measuring instruments,Systematic overview,Organizational culture,INFORMATION SECURITY,FRAMEWORK,SAFETY}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{340--357}},
  title        = {{Measuring the security culture in organizations : a systematic overview of existing tools}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-020-00228-4}},
  volume       = {{34}},
  year         = {{2021}},
}
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