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Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis

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Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Commercial vaccines provide limited protection against this virus, and no highly effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. In this study, we first screened a library of 386 natural products and found that xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, displayed high anti-PRRSV activity by inhibiting PRRSV adsorption onto and internalization into cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Xn treatment stimulates genes associated with the antioxidant response in the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. Xn causes increased expression of Nrf2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1 in Marc-145 cells. The action of Xn against PRRSV proliferation depends on Nrf2 in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). This finding suggests that Xn significantly inhibits PRRSV proliferation and decreases viral-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2-HMOX1 pathway. This information should be helpful for developing a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PRRSV infection.
Keywords
RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS, HEME OXYGENASE-1, ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY, GENE-EXPRESSION, REPLICATION, PATHWAY, INFLAMMATION, ACTIVATION, NRF2, FLAVONOIDS

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MLA
Liu, Xuewei, et al. “Xanthohumol Inhibits PRRSV Proliferation and Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 Axis.” VETERINARY RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 1, 2019, doi:10.1186/s13567-019-0679-2.
APA
Liu, X., Song, Z., Bai, J., Nauwynck, H., Zhao, Y., & Jiang, P. (2019). Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis. VETERINARY RESEARCH, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0679-2
Chicago author-date
Liu, Xuewei, Zhongbao Song, Juan Bai, Hans Nauwynck, Yongxiang Zhao, and Ping Jiang. 2019. “Xanthohumol Inhibits PRRSV Proliferation and Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 Axis.” VETERINARY RESEARCH 50 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0679-2.
Chicago author-date (all authors)
Liu, Xuewei, Zhongbao Song, Juan Bai, Hans Nauwynck, Yongxiang Zhao, and Ping Jiang. 2019. “Xanthohumol Inhibits PRRSV Proliferation and Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 Axis.” VETERINARY RESEARCH 50 (1). doi:10.1186/s13567-019-0679-2.
Vancouver
1.
Liu X, Song Z, Bai J, Nauwynck H, Zhao Y, Jiang P. Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis. VETERINARY RESEARCH. 2019;50(1).
IEEE
[1]
X. Liu, Z. Song, J. Bai, H. Nauwynck, Y. Zhao, and P. Jiang, “Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis,” VETERINARY RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 1, 2019.
@article{8649962,
  abstract     = {{Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Commercial vaccines provide limited protection against this virus, and no highly effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. In this study, we first screened a library of 386 natural products and found that xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, displayed high anti-PRRSV activity by inhibiting PRRSV adsorption onto and internalization into cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Xn treatment stimulates genes associated with the antioxidant response in the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. Xn causes increased expression of Nrf2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1 in Marc-145 cells. The action of Xn against PRRSV proliferation depends on Nrf2 in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). This finding suggests that Xn significantly inhibits PRRSV proliferation and decreases viral-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2-HMOX1 pathway. This information should be helpful for developing a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PRRSV infection.}},
  articleno    = {{61}},
  author       = {{Liu, Xuewei and Song, Zhongbao and Bai, Juan and Nauwynck, Hans and Zhao, Yongxiang and Jiang, Ping}},
  issn         = {{0928-4249}},
  journal      = {{VETERINARY RESEARCH}},
  keywords     = {{RESPIRATORY SYNDROME VIRUS,HEME OXYGENASE-1,ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY,GENE-EXPRESSION,REPLICATION,PATHWAY,INFLAMMATION,ACTIVATION,NRF2,FLAVONOIDS}},
  language     = {{eng}},
  number       = {{1}},
  pages        = {{21}},
  title        = {{Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis}},
  url          = {{http://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-019-0679-2}},
  volume       = {{50}},
  year         = {{2019}},
}

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